Abstract
AbstractRoot-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, is a major problem confronting greenhouse's productions, field crops, vegetables, grapevines and almond rootstocks in Kermanshah province, Iran. Nematicides are not affordable to control this nematode. In the search for alternatives to chemicals control of nematodes, this research has dealt with nematicidal effects of crude herbal extracts on the root-knot nematodes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 21 endemic and exotic herbal extracts belong to 12 families of flowering plants in comparison with chicken manure and chemical nematicide (Temik) to control root-knot nematodes in in vitro conditions. The nematodes were pured and mass multiplied on tomato in the soil at greenhouse conditions. In order to study the effect of herbal extracts on mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2), a 6 mL of each extract was poured in sterilised Petri dish and 54 ± 4 juveniles were added. Distilled water was used as control and treatments replicated four times and incubated at ambient temperature. The LC50 value of each extract was determined by assessing the mortality of juveniles (in the range of 5–95%) after 24, 48 and 72 h. Comparison between LC50 value of the extracts indicated that Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophillata are the most effective crude extracts on the mortality of juveniles and they were 15.4 and 17.9 mg mL−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode.Keywords: chicken manureherbal extractTemiknematicidalLC50Meloidogyne javanica AcknowledgementsWe wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr Saeed Abbasi, member of plant pathology, Dept. of College of Agriculture, Razi University, for providing technical assistance.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamomum zeylanicum crude extract was among the most effective extracts against root-knot nematode juveniles, with an LC50 of 15.4.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamomum verume1 - Treatment
- crude extractse1
- Outcome
- mortality of juvenilese1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Value
- 15.4e1
- Comparator
- the extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Comparison between LC50 value of the extracts indicated that Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophillata are the most effective crude extracts on the mortality of juveniles and they were 15.4 and 17.9 mg mL−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenia caryophillata crude extract was among the most effective extracts against root-knot nematode juveniles, with an LC50 of 17.9.
Verbatim
e1“Comparison between LC50 value of the extracts indicated that Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophillata are the most effective crude extracts on the mortality of juveniles and they were 15.4 and 17.9 mg mL−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of tobacco had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee1pest - Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of ferulago had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
FerulagoNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of garlic had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of eucalyptus had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- eucalyptus
.jpg?width=60)
Eucalyptuse1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of persan lilac had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- persan lilace1
- Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of rattle had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- rattlee1
- Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of oliveria had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of licorice had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- licorice
Glycyrrhizae1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of russian knapweed had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- russian knapweed
Leuzea repense1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of turnsole had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- turnsole
Heliotropium indicume1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract of sicilian sumac had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- sicilian sumac
Rhus coriariae1 - Treatment
- extracte1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure had no antinematode activity against root-knot nematode juveniles.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume3 - Treatment
- chicken manuree1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- antinematode activitye1
- Comparator
- Distilled watere2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Meanwhile, the extract of tobacco, ferulago, garlic, eucalyptus, persan lilac, rattle, oliveria, licorice, russian knapweed, turnsole, sicilian sumac and chicken manure did not have any antinematode activity against fresh second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode”
e2“Distilled water was used as control”
e3“mass multiplied on tomato”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Meloidogyne · EucalyptusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
fertilization · Meloidogyne · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.