Abstract
Abstract The toxicity of Zn and Cu in three species from the genus Brassica was examined to determine if these plants showed sufficient tolerance and metal accumulation to be used to phytoremediate a site contaminated with these two heavy metals. Hydroponically grown 12‐d‐old plants of Brassica juncea, B. rapa , and B. napus were grown for an additional 14 d in the presence of either elevated Zn (6.5 mg L −1 ), Cu (0.32 mg L −1 ), or Zn+Cu to quantify the toxic effects of these metals on several different growth parameters. With few exceptions, both root and shoot dry weight for all three species decreased significantly in the presence of heavy metals. Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus , and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea , while Zn tended to decrease only lateral root diameter. Both metals reduced shoot Fe and Mn concentrations in all three Brassica spp. to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficiencies. These deficiencies, however, did not correlate with observed patterns of leaf chlorosis. Nonetheless, heavy metal‐induced inhibition of Fe and Mn accumulation may have been a significant factor in reducing plant growth. In terms of heavy metal removal, the Brassica spp. were more effective at removing Zn from the nutrient solution than Cu. The extent of Zn and Cu removal was reduced in the presence of both metals, as compared to the single heavy metal treatments. The implications of these results for phytoremediation are discussed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals significantly decreased root and shoot dry weight in all three Brassica species, with few exceptions.
- Treatment
- heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- With few exceptionse0
BrassicaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With few exceptions, both root and shoot dry weight for all three species decreased significantly in the presence of heavy metals.”
t0“Brassica Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa.
- Taxon
- B. rapa
Brassica rapae0 - Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- lateral root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus , and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper inhibited lateral root elongation in B. napus.
- Taxon
- B. napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- lateral root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus , and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper inhibited lateral root elongation to a lesser extent in B. juncea.
- Taxon
- B. juncea
Brassica junceae0 - Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- lateral root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu inhibited lateral root elongation in B. rapa, B. napus , and, to a lesser extent, B. juncea”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc tended to decrease lateral root diameter in Brassica.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn tended to decrease only lateral root diameter.”
t0“Brassica Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Both metals reduced shoot iron and manganese concentrations in all three Brassica species to deficiency-associated levels.
- Treatment
- Both metalse0
- Outcome
- shoot Fe and Mn concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficienciese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both metals reduced shoot Fe and Mn concentrations in all three Brassica spp. to levels associated with Fe and Mn deficiencies.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron and manganese deficiencies did not correlate with leaf chlorosis patterns in Brassica.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- observed patterns of leaf chlorosise0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
- Qualifier
- These deficienciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These deficiencies, however, did not correlate with observed patterns of leaf chlorosis.”
t0“Brassica Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica species removed zinc more effectively than copper from nutrient solution.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Brassica spp. were more effective at removing Zn from the nutrient solution than Cu.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc and copper reduced removal of both metals relative to single-metal treatments.
- Treatment
- both metalse0
- Outcome
- Zn and Cu removale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- single heavy metal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extent of Zn and Cu removal was reduced in the presence of both metals, as compared to the single heavy metal treatments.”
t0“Brassica Species”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.