Abstract
Abstract Rye ( Secale cereale L.) cover crops often delay development and reduce yield of corn ( Zea mays L.). A 3‐yr study (1982‐1984) conducted to investigate the influence of four rye cultivars and one wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, rate of N application in the spring, and removal of above‐ground cereal phytomass on growth and development of corn. Experiments were carried out at the Elora Research Station, Ontario, in a split‐plot design, with two N levels (145 and 220 kg ha ‐1 ) and five cereal cultivars as main plots, and cereal phytomass removal or retention as sub‐plots. Cereal cultivars were planted in September after corn harvest and corn was planted in the spring. Corn leaf number and height were monitored during early corn development and whole‐plant dry matter and moisture of corn were measured in September. The response of corn dry matter accumulation to cereal cover crop cultivar, N rate, and above‐ground cereal phytomass varied among the 3 yr the study was conducted. Cereal phytomass was largest in 1983 and the impact of the cereal cover crop on corn growth and development was largest during this year. In contrast, the impact of cereal cultivar on corn was not associated with phytomass production among the five cereal cultivars. The effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on corn growth and development were largest for the rye cu|tivar Kodiak and the wheat cultivar Gordon, but these cultivars ranked third and fifth, respectively, in above‐ground phytomass production in the spring. Increased N application could partially overcome the reduction in corn growth and development due to the cereal cultivars Kodiak and Gordon, but this was not the case for the other cereal cultivars. Removal of above‐ground cereal phytomass before corn planting generally did not influence the delay in development and reduction in yield of the subsequent corn crop. In conclusion, the reduction in corn dry matter accumulation in response to cereal cover crops is a complex phenomenon, involving quantity of cereal residue, cereal cultivar and, occasionally, N application.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Corn dry matter response to cover crop cultivar, nitrogen, and residue varied by year.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- cereal cover crop cultivar, N rate, and above‐ground cereal phytomasse0
- Outcome
- corn dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of corn dry matter accumulation to cereal cover crop cultivar, N rate, and above‐ground cereal phytomass varied among the 3 yr the study was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest cereal biomass and greatest cover crop impact on corn occurred in 1983.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- impact of the cereal cover crop on corn growth and developmente0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Qualifier
- 1983e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cereal phytomass was largest in 1983 and the impact of the cereal cover crop on corn growth and development was largest during this year”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn response to cultivar was not associated with cover crop biomass among five cultivars.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- five cereal cultivarse0
- Outcome
- impact of cereal cultivar on corne0
- Direction
- not associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact of cereal cultivar on corn was not associated with phytomass production among the five cereal cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Kodiak rye had one of the largest effects on corn growth and development despite ranking third in spring biomass.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Kodiake0
- Outcome
- effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on corn growth and developmente0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Qualifier
- ranked thirde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on corn growth and development were largest for the rye cu|tivar Kodiak and the wheat cultivar Gordon, but these cultivars ranked third and fifth, respectively, in above‐ground phytomass production in the spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Gordon wheat had one of the largest effects on corn growth and development despite ranking fifth in spring biomass.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Gordone0
- Outcome
- effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on corn growth and developmente0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Qualifier
- ranked third and fifthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on corn growth and development were largest for the rye cu|tivar Kodiak and the wheat cultivar Gordon, but these cultivars ranked third and fifth, respectively, in above‐ground phytomass production in the spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen partly overcame corn growth reductions following Kodiak and Gordon cover crops.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Kodiak and Gordone0
- Treatment
- Increased N applicatione0
- Outcome
- corn growth and developmente0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased N application could partially overcome the reduction in corn growth and development due to the cereal cultivars Kodiak and Gordon”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen did not overcome corn reductions for other cover crop cultivars.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- other cereal cultivarse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen Ratet0
- Outcome
- cornt0
- Direction
- not the casee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but this was not the case for the other cereal cultivars”
t0“Corn Growth Following Cover Crops: Influence of Cereal Cultivar, Cereal Removal, and Nitrogen Rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing cereal biomass generally did not change delayed corn development or reduced yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Removal of above‐ground cereal phytomasse0
- Outcome
- delay in development and reduction in yielde0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of above‐ground cereal phytomass before corn planting generally did not influence the delay in development and reduction in yield of the subsequent corn crop”
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