Abstract
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is most destructive in the western United States and has become increasingly important in the south-central states. The disease has been monitored by collaborators through field surveys and in disease nurseries throughout the United States. In the year 2000, stripe rust occurred in more than 20 states throughout the country, which was the most widespread occurrence in recorded history. Although fungicide applications in many states reduced yield losses, the disease caused multimillion dollar losses in the United States, especially in Arkansas and California. One of the prevalent cultivars, RSI 5, had a yield loss of about 50% in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California. In the Pacific Northwest, wheat losses due to stripe rust were minimal because cultivars with durable resistance were widely grown and the weather in May 2000 was not favorable for the disease. To identify races of the pathogen, stripe rust collections from 20 states across the United States were analyzed on 20 wheat differential cultivars, including Clement (Yr9, YrCle), Compair (Yr8, Yr19), and the Yr8 and Yr9 near-isogenic lines. In 2000, 21 previously identified races and 21 new races were identified. Of the 21 new races, 8 were pathotypes with combinations of virulences previously known to exist in the United States, and 13 had virulences to one or more of the lines Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compair. This is the first report of virulence to Yr8 and Yr9 in the United States. Most of the new races were also virulent on Express. Races that are virulent on Express have been identified in California since 1998. The races virulent on Yr8, Yr9, and Express were widely distributed in California and states east of the Rocky Mountains in 2000. The epidemic in 2000 demonstrates that increased efforts to breed for stripe rust resistance are needed in California, the south-central states, and some other states in the Great Plains. Diversification of resistance genes and use of durable resistance should prevent large-scale and severe epidemics.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Stripe rust occurred in over 20 states in 2000, the broadest recorded occurrence.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- stripe rust occurrede0
- Value
- more than 20 statese0
- Setting
- throughout the countrye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the year 2000, stripe rust occurred in more than 20 states throughout the country, which was the most widespread occurrence in recorded history.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide applications reduced yield losses in many states.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide applications in many states reduced yield losses”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stripe rust caused multimillion dollar losses, especially in Arkansas and California.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- multimillion dollar lossese0
- Setting
- Arkansas and Californiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the disease caused multimillion dollar losses in the United States, especially in Arkansas and California”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
RSI 5 lost about 50% of yield in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- RSI 5e0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Value
- about 50%e0
- Setting
- Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of Californiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RSI 5, had a yield loss of about 50% in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat losses in the Pacific Northwest were minimal where durable resistant cultivars were grown and May weather was unfavorable for disease.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat losses due to stripe rust were minimale0
- Setting
- Pacific Northweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Pacific Northwest, wheat losses due to stripe rust were minimal because cultivars with durable resistance were widely grown and the weather in May 2000 was not favorable for the disease.”
Claim · model-written summary
Analyses identified 21 previously identified races and 21 new races.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- races were identifiede0
- Value
- 21 previously identified races and 21 new racese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2000, 21 previously identified races and 21 new races were identified.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight new races had combinations of virulences already known in the United States.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- pathotypes with combinations of virulencese0
- Value
- 8e0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8 were pathotypes with combinations of virulences previously known to exist in the United States”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen new races had virulences to one or more of Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compair.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- virulences to one or more of the lines Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compaire0
- Value
- 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13 had virulences to one or more of the lines Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compair”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Virulence to Yr8 and Yr9 was reported for the first time in the United States.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- first report of virulence to Yr8 and Yr9e0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report of virulence to Yr8 and Yr9 in the United States.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most new races were virulent on Express.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Expresse0
- Outcome
- virulent on Expresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the new races were also virulent on Express.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Races virulent on Express had been identified in California since 1998.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Races that are virulent on Express have been identifiede0
- Setting
- Californiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Races that are virulent on Express have been identified in California since 1998.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Races virulent on Yr8, Yr9 and Express were widespread in California and east of the Rocky Mountains in 2000.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- widely distributede0
- Setting
- California and states east of the Rocky Mountainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The races virulent on Yr8, Yr9, and Express were widely distributed in California and states east of the Rocky Mountains in 2000.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend increased breeding for stripe rust resistance in California, south-central states and parts of the Great Plains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- increased efforts to breed for stripe rust resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased efforts to breed for stripe rust resistance are needed in California, the south-central states, and some other states in the Great Plains”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend diversified resistance genes and durable resistance to prevent severe epidemics.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Diversification of resistance genes and use of durable resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversification of resistance genes and use of durable resistance should prevent large-scale and severe epidemics.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
231 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
258 papers more in this group
See all 262 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.