Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants accumulate glycine betaine (GB), a major compatible solute, in response to salt stress. In barley, GB is produced by a two-step oxidation of choline in a cooperative way in the cytosol and peroxisomes. In this study, we investigated the localization of two GB biosynthetic enzymes, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), in the tissues of barley plants (cv. Haruna-nijyo) grown under normal and saline conditions. Three-week-old barley plants grown hydroponically were treated with a hydroponic culture solution containing 200 mM NaCl for 72 h. Salt treatment resulted in increased expression of CMO and BADH proteins mainly in the leaves of barley but not in the roots. The expression of CMO protein was increased by the presence of NaCl in younger leaves but decreased in older leaves. The tissue localization of CMO and BADH proteins was analyzed by immunofluorescent labeling method using their primary antibodies and a fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibody. CMO and BADH proteins were constitutively co-localized in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells under both normal and saline conditions. A possible physiological function of GB in the salt tolerance of barley plants is discussed.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Salt increased CMO and BADH protein expression mainly in barley leaves, not roots.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salt treatmente0
- Gene
- CMO and BADH proteinse0
- Outcome
- expression of CMO and BADH proteinse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment resulted in increased expression of CMO and BADH proteins mainly in the leaves of barley but not in the roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased CMO protein expression in younger leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- younger leavese0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- CMO proteine0
- Outcome
- expression of CMO proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of CMO protein was increased by the presence of NaCl in younger leaves but decreased in older leaves.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased CMO protein expression in older leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- CMO proteine0
- Outcome
- expression of CMO proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of CMO protein was increased by the presence of NaCl in younger leaves but decreased in older leaves.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
CMO and BADH proteins co-localized in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells under normal and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- mesophyll and bundle sheath cellse0
- Gene
- CMO and BADH proteinse0
- Outcome
- constitutively co-localizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMO and BADH proteins were constitutively co-localized in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells under both normal and saline conditions.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
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