Abstract
Corn ( Zea mays L.) production problems of uneven growth, yellowing, and reduced yields have been reported by producers on fields where agronomically acceptable rates of liquid beef manure were spring injected. Field experiments were conducted from 1983 through 1986 in northwestern Illinois on a Derinda silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) soil to determine the effect of method of liquid beef manure application and manure placement relative to the corn row on plant and grain N concentration and grain yield. Placement studies showed that corn plants growing over knife‐injection zones had the highest N concentration and greatest yield. Corn offset at parallel distances of 10, 20, and 30 in. from the injection zone had decreased N concentrations and lower yield than corn planted over the zone. In 1986, the year with the largest yield decline, corn 30 in. from the injection zone yielded 56 bu/acre less than corn planted over the zone. This positional relationship and limited availability of manure N appear to be the major factors related to yield decreases associated with knife injection. Yield reduction with sweep injection or broadcast application occurred in 1986, but was attributed to volatile N loss because of improper injection‐incorporation. Nitrification inhibitors increased some whole‐plant, ear‐leaf, and grain N concentrations but did not significantly increase grain yield. Supplemental inorganic N increased grain yield when volatile loss of manure N occurred. Sweep injection, with more uniform manure distribution appears to be a practical alternative to knife injection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Corn over knife injection zones had highest N concentration and yield.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- knife‐injection zonese0
- Outcome
- N concentration and greatest yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn plants growing over knife‐injection zones had the highest N concentration and greatest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Offset corn had lower nitrogen concentration and yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- offset at parallel distances of 10, 20, and 30 in. from the injection zonee0
- Outcome
- N concentrations and lower yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- corn planted over the zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn offset at parallel distances of 10, 20, and 30 in. from the injection zone had decreased N concentrations and lower yield than corn planted over the zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn 30 inches away yielded 56 bushels per acre less.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 30 in. from the injection zonee0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 56 bu/acree0
- Comparator
- corn planted over the zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn 30 in. from the injection zone yielded 56 bu/acre less than corn planted over the zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweep injection or broadcasting reduced 1986 yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- sweep injection or broadcast applicatione0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield reduction with sweep injection or broadcast application occurred in 1986”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrification inhibitors increased some plant N concentrations.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Nitrification inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- whole‐plant, ear‐leaf, and grain N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrification inhibitors increased some whole‐plant, ear‐leaf, and grain N concentrations”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrification inhibitors did not significantly raise grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Nitrification inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrification inhibitors increased some whole‐plant, ear‐leaf, and grain N concentrations but did not significantly increase grain yield”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental inorganic nitrogen raised grain yield when manure N was lost.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Supplemental inorganic Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when volatile loss of manure N occurrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental inorganic N increased grain yield when volatile loss of manure N occurred”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweep injection appears a practical alternative to knife injection.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Sweep injectione0
- Comparator
- knife injectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweep injection, with more uniform manure distribution appears to be a practical alternative to knife injection”
t0“Corn”
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