Abstract
Abstract From 1972 to 1988 an experiment was conducted which investigated the effects of four soil management treatments in combination with two rates of fertiliser application, on the growth and components of yield of Cox's Orange Pippin/MM 106 trees. By four years after planting, trees receiving irrigation and those in uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees growing in narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleys. This effect persisted throughout the life of the orchard, although after 16 years the girths of trees receiving irrigation were much greater than those of trees growing in bare soil. Increasing fertiliser application rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha −1 had either negligible or inconsistent effects on tree growth, fruit yield and size. The cumulative yield of fruit over 12 cropping years was much greater for trees growing in bare soil and for those receiving irrigation than for those growing in the narrow bare‐soil strip system. The increase in tree girth and yield caused by irrigation and bare soil, particularly in dry years, together with the lack of response to the larger rate of fertiliser application, suggests than water was more of a limiting factor than nitrogen supply for this orchard. Irrigation offers an alternative method of management to herbicide for increasing tree growth and fruit yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated trees had substantially greater girths than trees between narrow and wide bare soil strips four years after planting
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- girthse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- By four years after plantinge6
- Comparator
- narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleyse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e0“trees receiving irrigation and those in uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees growing in narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleys”
e6“By four years after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees kept completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees between narrow and wide bare soil strips
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicidee0
- Outcome
- girthse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleyse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e0“trees receiving irrigation and those in uncultivated soil maintained completely bare by herbicide had substantially greater girths than trees growing in narrow and wide bare soil strips between grassed alleys”
Claim · model-written summary
After 16 years the girths of irrigated trees were much greater than those of trees in bare soil
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione1
- Outcome
- girthse1
- Direction
- much greatere1
- Qualifier
- after 16 yearse1
- Comparator
- bare soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e1“although after 16 years the girths of trees receiving irrigation were much greater than those of trees growing in bare soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertiliser rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha −1 had negligible or inconsistent effects on tree growth, fruit yield and size
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Increasing fertiliser application rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha −1e2
- Outcome
- tree growth, fruit yield and sizee2
- Direction
- negligiblee2
- Comparator
- from 63e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e2“Increasing fertiliser application rate from 63 to 189 kg N ha −1 had either negligible or inconsistent effects on tree growth, fruit yield and size”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees in bare soil had a much greater cumulative fruit yield over 12 cropping years than trees in the narrow bare-soil strip system
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- bare soile3
- Outcome
- cumulative yield of fruite3
- Direction
- much greatere3
- Qualifier
- over 12 cropping yearse3
- Comparator
- narrow bare‐soil strip systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e3“The cumulative yield of fruit over 12 cropping years was much greater for trees growing in bare soil and for those receiving irrigation than for those growing in the narrow bare‐soil strip system”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated trees had a much greater cumulative fruit yield over 12 cropping years than trees in the narrow bare-soil strip system
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione3
- Outcome
- cumulative yield of fruite3
- Direction
- much greatere3
- Qualifier
- over 12 cropping yearse3
- Comparator
- narrow bare‐soil strip systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e3“The cumulative yield of fruit over 12 cropping years was much greater for trees growing in bare soil and for those receiving irrigation than for those growing in the narrow bare‐soil strip system”
Claim · model-written summary
Water appears to be a more limiting factor than nitrogen supply for tree growth and yield in this orchard
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- tree girth and yielde4
- Qualifier
- water was more of a limiting factor than nitrogen supplye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e4“The increase in tree girth and yield caused by irrigation and bare soil, particularly in dry years, together with the lack of response to the larger rate of fertiliser application, suggests than water was more of a limiting factor than nitrogen supply for this orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation is an alternative to herbicide management for increasing tree growth and fruit yield
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione5
- Outcome
- tree growth and fruit yielde5
- Comparator
- herbicidee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cox's Orange Pippin apple trees”
e5“Irrigation offers an alternative method of management to herbicide for increasing tree growth and fruit yield”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 69 papers →irrigation · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
80 papers more in this group
See all 84 papers →fertilization · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 150 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
174 papers more in this group
See all 178 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.