Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, total phenolics and total antioxidants) are important constituents of citrus fruit juice; however, information with regard to their concentrations and changes in relation to tree age and storage conditions is limited. 'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice from fruit of three tree ages (6, 18 and 35 years old) and fruit sizes (large, medium and small) were examined for their bioactive compounds during 7 days under ambient storage conditions (20 ± 2 °C and 60-65% relative humidity (RH)) and during 60 days under cold storage (4 ± 1 °C and 75-80% RH) conditions. RESULTS: Under ambient conditions, a reduction in total phenolic concentrations (TPC) and in total antioxidant activity (TAA) was found for the juice from all tree ages and fruit sizes. Overall, fruit from 18-year-old trees had higher mean TPC (95.86 µg mL(-1) ) and TAA (93.68 mg L(-1) ), as compared to 6 and 35-year-old trees. Likewise, in cold storage, TAA decreased in all fruit size groups from 18 and 35-year-old trees. In all tree age and fruit size groups, TPC decreased initially during 15 days of cold storage and then increased gradually with increase in storage duration. Ascorbic acid concentrations showed an increasing trend in all fruit size groups from 35-year-old trees. Overall, during cold storage, fruit from 18-year-old trees maintained higher mean ascorbic acid (33.05 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations, whereas fruit from 6-year-old trees had higher TAA (153.1 mg L(-1) ) and TPC (115.1 µg mL(-1) ). Large-sized fruit had higher ascorbic acid (32.08 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations and TAA (157.5 mg L(-1) ). CONCLUSION: Fruit from 18-year-old trees maintained higher TPC and TAA under ambient storage conditions, whereas fruit from 6-year-old trees maintained higher TPC and TAA during cold storage. Small-sized fruit had higher TPC after ambient temperature storage, whereas large fruit size showed higher ascorbic acid concentrations and TAA after cold storage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Under ambient storage, total phenolic concentrations and total antioxidant activity were reduced in juice from all tree ages and fruit sizes.
- Taxon
- Kinnowe1
- Treatment
- Under ambient conditionse2
- Outcome
- total phenolic concentrations (TPC) and in total antioxidant activity (TAA)e2
- Direction
- reductione2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e2“Under ambient conditions, a reduction in total phenolic concentrations (TPC) and in total antioxidant activity (TAA) was found for the juice from all tree ages and fruit sizes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from 18-year-old trees had higher mean TPC (95.86 µg mL(-1)) than fruit from 6- and 35-year-old trees.
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e3“Overall, fruit from 18-year-old trees had higher mean TPC (95.86 µg mL(-1) ) and TAA (93.68 mg L(-1) ), as compared to 6 and 35-year-old trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from 18-year-old trees had higher TAA (93.68 mg L(-1)) than fruit from 6- and 35-year-old trees.
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e3“Overall, fruit from 18-year-old trees had higher mean TPC (95.86 µg mL(-1) ) and TAA (93.68 mg L(-1) ), as compared to 6 and 35-year-old trees”
Claim · model-written summary
During cold storage, fruit from 18-year-old trees maintained higher mean ascorbic acid (33.05 mg 100 mL(-1)).
- Taxon
- Kinnowe1
- Treatment
- cold storagee4
- Outcome
- mean ascorbic acide4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 33.05 mg 100 mL(-1)e4
- Qualifier
- fruit from 18-year-old treese4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e4“during cold storage, fruit from 18-year-old trees maintained higher mean ascorbic acid (33.05 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations, whereas fruit from 6-year-old trees had higher TAA (153.1 mg L(-1) ) and TPC (115.1 µg mL(-1) )”
Claim · model-written summary
During cold storage, fruit from 6-year-old trees had higher TAA (153.1 mg L(-1)).
- Taxon
- Kinnowe1
- Treatment
- cold storagee4
- Outcome
- TAAe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 153.1 mg L(-1)e4
- Qualifier
- fruit from 6-year-old treese4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e4“during cold storage, fruit from 18-year-old trees maintained higher mean ascorbic acid (33.05 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations, whereas fruit from 6-year-old trees had higher TAA (153.1 mg L(-1) ) and TPC (115.1 µg mL(-1) )”
Claim · model-written summary
During cold storage, fruit from 6-year-old trees had higher TPC (115.1 µg mL(-1)).
- Taxon
- Kinnowe1
- Treatment
- cold storagee4
- Outcome
- TPCe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 115.1 µg mL(-1)e4
- Qualifier
- fruit from 6-year-old treese4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e4“during cold storage, fruit from 18-year-old trees maintained higher mean ascorbic acid (33.05 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations, whereas fruit from 6-year-old trees had higher TAA (153.1 mg L(-1) ) and TPC (115.1 µg mL(-1) )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid concentrations showed an increasing trend in all fruit size groups from 35-year-old trees.
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e5“Ascorbic acid concentrations showed an increasing trend in all fruit size groups from 35-year-old trees”
Claim · model-written summary
TPC decreased initially during 15 days of cold storage.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e6“In all tree age and fruit size groups, TPC decreased initially during 15 days of cold storage and then increased gradually with increase in storage duration”
Claim · model-written summary
TPC increased gradually with increasing storage duration after the initial decline.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e6“In all tree age and fruit size groups, TPC decreased initially during 15 days of cold storage and then increased gradually with increase in storage duration”
Claim · model-written summary
Small-sized fruit had higher TPC after ambient temperature storage.
- Taxon
- Kinnowe1
- Treatment
- ambient temperature storagee7
- Outcome
- TPCe7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- Small-sized fruite7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e7“Small-sized fruit had higher TPC after ambient temperature storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Large-sized fruit had higher ascorbic acid concentration (32.08 mg 100 mL(-1)).
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e2“Large-sized fruit had higher ascorbic acid (32.08 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations and TAA (157.5 mg L(-1) )”
Claim · model-written summary
Large-sized fruit had higher TAA (157.5 mg L(-1)).
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e2“Large-sized fruit had higher ascorbic acid (32.08 mg 100 mL(-1) ) concentrations and TAA (157.5 mg L(-1) )”
Claim · model-written summary
In cold storage, TAA decreased in all fruit size groups from 18- and 35-year-old trees.
- Taxon
- Kinnowe1
- Treatment
- in cold storagee2
- Outcome
- TAAe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- from 18 and 35-year-old treese2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“'Kinnow' (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) mandarin juice”
e2“Likewise, in cold storage, TAA decreased in all fruit size groups from 18 and 35-year-old trees”
The same questions in other papers
storage · quality: phytochemicals · Citrus reticulata (tangerine)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →cold · quality: phytochemicals · Citrus reticulata (tangerine)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.