Abstract
Due to a growing global population and an increasing welfare in combination with limited resources of fossil fuels and environmental problems may bioenergy be one of the alternatives for a more sustainable energy production. Among others, Salix is used as biological energy source. Its energy conversion is high compared to other sources and it can be managed in a short rotation period. For future energy production of Salix it is important to have resource efficient genotypes with high biomass production. Thus, to secure future production, it is im-portant to breed for production and resource use efficiency traits. Objectives with this study were to evaluate how water and nutrients affect biomass production of two genotypes of Salix and how xylem diameter of the same genotypes is affected by drought stress. Main hypothe-ses with this study are that drought stressed plants have slower and lower biomass production than well-watered plants. That available nitrogen (N) increase growth, that genotype 341 has a drought tolerance than genotype 223 and that xylem vessels are narrower for drought stressed plants compared to well-watered plants. Salix cuttings of the genotypes 223 and 341 from a mapping population of Salix viminalis and the hybrid S. vinimalis x S. schwerinii were planted and grown in a greenhouse in Uppsala, central Sweden, with a three week long treatment pe-riod before final harvest. Greenhouse trial includes four treatments (control) 250 ml water three times a week; water and nutrients) 250 ml water three times a week and 2 ml “Blomstra” fertilizer/ l water once a week; nutrients) 250 ml water with 2 ml “Blomstra” fertilizer/ l water once a week; water shortage treatment) 250 ml water once a week). Additionally, stems of plants grown in a field trial in northern Italy for three years were collected. The stems were irradiated with X-ray emanation for creation of a 3D-picture of the stem, the cross-section of the pictures were used for counting vessels and analyzing vessel size. Both treatment and genotype affected plant growth. Genotype 341 was more affected by the treatments than genotype 223 but genotype 223 had an overall lower production. The production of the geno-types differed mainly within treatment of high water and nutrient availability and the drought treatment. The results indicate a more resource efficient production of the genotype 341 in relation to water and nutrients and also a greater drought tolerance compared to genotype 223. Highest nitrogen content was observed in fertilized plants, however in contrast to other stud-ies soil water supply did not significantly affect N concentration in leaves. Greater vessel area was observed in irrigated plants. Stem diameter was positively correlated with both total ves-sel area and amounts of vessels. Amounts of vessels also tended to be negatively correlated to δ13C and to standardized WUE (water use efficiency based on δ13C in relation to stem diame-ter). For future studies a longer treatment period is recommended as well as increased number of replicates for xylem analysis. I conclude that genotype 341 has great potential for biomass production, is better suited for biomass production than genotype 223 and therefore recom-mended to use in future trials.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment and genotype affected plant growth.
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both treatment and genotype affected plant growth”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype 341 was more affected by treatments than genotype 223.
- Material
- Genotype 341e0
- Outcome
- affected by the treatmentse0
- Direction
- more affectede0
- Comparator
- genotype 223e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotype 341 was more affected by the treatments than genotype 223”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype 223 had lower overall production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 223 had an overall lower production”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Production differences were greatest under high water and nutrients and under drought.
- Treatment
- high water and nutrient availability and the drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of the geno-types differed mainly within treatment of high water and nutrient availability and the drought treatment”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype 341 showed more resource-efficient production in relation to water and nutrients.
- Material
- genotype 341e0
- Outcome
- resource efficient productione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- water and nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more resource efficient production of the genotype 341 in relation to water and nutrients”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype 341 showed greater drought tolerance than genotype 223.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater drought tolerance compared to genotype 223”
e1“genotype 341 in relation to water and nutrients”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized plants had the highest nitrogen content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest nitrogen content was observed in fertilized plants”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water supply did not significantly affect leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- soil water supplye0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil water supply did not significantly affect N concentration in leaves”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated plants had greater vessel area.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater vessel area was observed in irrigated plants”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter was positively correlated with total vessel area.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem diameter was positively correlated with both total ves-sel area and amounts of vessels”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter was positively correlated with vessel number.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem diameter was positively correlated with both total ves-sel area and amounts of vessels”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Vessel number tended to correlate negatively with δ13C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amounts of vessels also tended to be negatively correlated to δ13C”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
Vessel number tended to correlate negatively with standardized WUE.
- Organ / stage
- vesselse0
- Outcome
- Amounts of vesselse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- standardized WUEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amounts of vessels also tended to be negatively correlated to δ13C and to standardized WUE”
t0“Salix”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend genotype 341 for future biomass production trials.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 341 has great potential for biomass production, is better suited for biomass production than genotype 223 and therefore recom-mended to use in future trials”
t0“Salix”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · nutrient: content · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: content · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.