Abstract
Cereal-legume intercropping and other mixed cropping culture as practised traditionally in many Asian, African, and Latin American countries provide sustainable farming systems with enhanced land and energy use. Winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] is a readily nodulated tropical legume with high food value. Little is known concerning the intercropping potential of winged bean and maize (Zea mays L.) or the effects of nitrogen (N) levels on this intercrop system. In a greenhouse study with plants grown in containers widely spaced to minimize competition for light, dry matter accumulation and N concentration of both species were greater for plants grown with 7.5 mM NO3−(HN) than those grown with 0.75 mM NO3−(LN). The only effect of the cropping system on winged bean was a lower N concentration in intercrop than monocrop plants. Maize dry matter accumulation was reduced and tissue N concentration was increased with intercrop culture. These results indicated N stress did not cause the decreased growth of maize when grown with winged bean; an allelopathic effect of winged bean on maize may have occurred. The relative contribution of N2 fixation (determined by 15N isotope dilution) to the total N accumulation of monocrop winged bean was significantly greater at LN than at HN. At 44 d after transplanting, the contribution of N2 fixation to winged bean grown with maize was greater than when winged bean was grown alone. Winged bean nodule number was equivalent for all treatments. As N availability decreased due to intercrop culture and N level, concurrent increases were observed in nodule dry weight and the contribution of N2 fixation to the N economy of winged bean.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased winged bean dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- Winged Bean
Psophocarpus tetragonolobust0 - Treatment
- 7.5 mM NO3−(HN)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter accumulation and N concentration of both species were greater for plants grown with 7.5 mM NO3−(HN) than those grown with 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)”
t0“Winged Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased winged bean N concentration.
- Taxon
- Winged BeanPsophocarpus tetragonolobust0
- Treatment
- 7.5 mM NO3−(HN)e0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter accumulation and N concentration of both species were greater for plants grown with 7.5 mM NO3−(HN) than those grown with 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)”
t0“Winged Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased maize dry matter accumulation.
- Treatment
- 7.5 mM NO3−(HN)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter accumulation and N concentration of both species were greater for plants grown with 7.5 mM NO3−(HN) than those grown with 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrate increased maize N concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter accumulation and N concentration of both species were greater for plants grown with 7.5 mM NO3−(HN) than those grown with 0.75 mM NO3−(LN)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping lowered winged bean N concentration.
- Taxon
- Winged BeanPsophocarpus tetragonolobust0
- Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- monocrope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower N concentration in intercrop than monocrop plants”
t0“Winged Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced maize dry matter accumulation.
- Treatment
- intercrop culturee0
- Interactor
- Winged BeanPsophocarpus tetragonolobust0other
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize dry matter accumulation was reduced and tissue N concentration was increased with intercrop culture”
t0“Winged Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased maize tissue N concentration.
- Treatment
- intercrop culturee0
- Interactor
- Winged BeanPsophocarpus tetragonolobust0other
- Outcome
- tissue N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize dry matter accumulation was reduced and tissue N concentration was increased with intercrop culture”
t0“Winged Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative N2 fixation contribution in monocrop winged bean was greater at low than high nitrate.
- Taxon
- winged beanPsophocarpus tetragonolobuse0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- relative contribution of N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- HNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative contribution of N2 fixation (determined by 15N isotope dilution) to the total N accumulation of monocrop winged bean was significantly greater at LN than at HN”
Claim · model-written summary
At 44 days after transplanting, intercropped winged bean had greater N2 fixation contribution than monocrop plants.
- Taxon
- winged beanPsophocarpus tetragonolobuse0
- Treatment
- grown with maizee0
- Outcome
- contribution of N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- At 44 d after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- winged bean was grown alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 44 d after transplanting, the contribution of N2 fixation to winged bean grown with maize was greater than when winged bean was grown alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Winged bean nodule number was equivalent across treatments.
- Taxon
- Winged beanPsophocarpus tetragonolobuse0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nodule numbere0
- Direction
- equivalente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winged bean nodule number was equivalent for all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower N availability coincided with greater winged bean nodule dry weight.
- Taxon
- winged beanPsophocarpus tetragonolobuse0
- Treatment
- N availabilitye0
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As N availability decreased due to intercrop culture and N level, concurrent increases were observed in nodule dry weight and the contribution of N2 fixation to the N economy of winged bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower N availability coincided with greater N2 fixation contribution to winged bean N economy.
- Taxon
- winged beanPsophocarpus tetragonolobuse0
- Treatment
- N availabilitye0
- Outcome
- contribution of N2 fixation to the N economye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As N availability decreased due to intercrop culture and N level, concurrent increases were observed in nodule dry weight and the contribution of N2 fixation to the N economy of winged bean”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · nutrient: content · Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.