Abstract
Abstract The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] plants grown in a greenhouse. Both 10 −3 m BA and 10 −4 m ABA inhibited stem elongation, but had no effect on flowering patterns. Ethephon at 60 ppm and above prevented flower development, and at 15 and 30 ppm inhibited pistillate flowering and increased staminate/pistillate (S/P) flower ratios fivefold to sevenfold. Grafting watermelon scions to rootstocks of gynomonoecious and andromonoecious muskmelon did not affect sex expression or the response of watermelon to ethephon. AVG at 100 and 200 ppm and 500 ppm AgNO 3 reduced the number of staminate flowers and promoted hermaphroditic flowering. In watermelon, contrary to other cucurbits, applied ethylene appears to suppress rather than promote ovary development during flower bud differentiation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
BA (6-benzylamino purine) inhibited stem elongation in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- stem elongatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e1“inhibited stem elongation, but had no effect on flowering patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA (abscisic acid) inhibited stem elongation in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- stem elongatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e1“inhibited stem elongation, but had no effect on flowering patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
BA (6-benzylamino purine) had no effect on flowering patterns of watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- flowering patternse1
- Direction
- no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e1“inhibited stem elongation, but had no effect on flowering patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA (abscisic acid) had no effect on flowering patterns of watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- flowering patternse1
- Direction
- no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e1“inhibited stem elongation, but had no effect on flowering patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 60 ppm and above prevented flower development in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Ethephone2
- Outcome
- flower developmente2
- Direction
- preventede2
- Qualifier
- 60 ppm and abovee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e2“Ethephon at 60 ppm and above prevented flower development, and at 15 and 30 ppm inhibited pistillate flowering and increased staminate/pistillate (S/P) flower ratios fivefold to sevenfold”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 15 and 30 ppm inhibited pistillate flowering in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Ethephone2
- Outcome
- pistillate floweringe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- at 15 and 30 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e2“Ethephon at 60 ppm and above prevented flower development, and at 15 and 30 ppm inhibited pistillate flowering and increased staminate/pistillate (S/P) flower ratios fivefold to sevenfold”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 15 and 30 ppm increased the staminate/pistillate flower ratio fivefold to sevenfold in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Ethephone2
- Outcome
- staminate/pistillate (S/P) flower ratiose2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- fivefold to sevenfolde2
- Qualifier
- at 15 and 30 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e2“Ethephon at 60 ppm and above prevented flower development, and at 15 and 30 ppm inhibited pistillate flowering and increased staminate/pistillate (S/P) flower ratios fivefold to sevenfold”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 100 and 200 ppm reduced the number of staminate flowers in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- AVG at 100 and 200 ppme3
- Outcome
- number of staminate flowerse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e3“AVG at 100 and 200 ppm and 500 ppm AgNO 3 reduced the number of staminate flowers and promoted hermaphroditic flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 100 and 200 ppm promoted hermaphroditic flowering in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- AVG at 100 and 200 ppme3
- Outcome
- hermaphroditic floweringe3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e3“AVG at 100 and 200 ppm and 500 ppm AgNO 3 reduced the number of staminate flowers and promoted hermaphroditic flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nitrate at 500 ppm reduced the number of staminate flowers in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- 500 ppm AgNO 3e3
- Outcome
- number of staminate flowerse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e3“AVG at 100 and 200 ppm and 500 ppm AgNO 3 reduced the number of staminate flowers and promoted hermaphroditic flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nitrate at 500 ppm promoted hermaphroditic flowering in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- 500 ppm AgNO 3e3
- Outcome
- hermaphroditic floweringe3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e3“AVG at 100 and 200 ppm and 500 ppm AgNO 3 reduced the number of staminate flowers and promoted hermaphroditic flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting watermelon scions onto gynomonoecious or andromonoecious muskmelon rootstocks did not affect sex expression or the response of watermelon to ethephon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Grafting watermelon scions to rootstocks of gynomonoecious and andromonoecious muskmelone4
- Outcome
- sex expression or the response of watermelon to ethephone4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e4“Grafting watermelon scions to rootstocks of gynomonoecious and andromonoecious muskmelon did not affect sex expression or the response of watermelon to ethephon”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied ethylene appears to suppress rather than promote ovary development in watermelon, unlike other cucurbits.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- applied ethylenee5
- Outcome
- ovary developmente5
- Direction
- suppresse5
- Comparator
- other cucurbitse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulators abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylamino purine (BA), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver nitrate were applied in weekly or biweekly foliar sprays to watermelon”
e5“In watermelon, contrary to other cucurbits, applied ethylene appears to suppress rather than promote ovary development during flower bud differentiation”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · molecular: expression · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.