Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Varamin ) an important industrial crop of Iran, is grown in 300,000 ha, with an average seed -cotton yield of 1750 Kg.ha -1 . The main obstacle in the way of increasing average cotton yield is imbalanced fertilizer use. Along with urea and triple super phosphate, cotton growers also need K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B, so these elements’ critical levels should be determined in cotton fields. Field experiments were conducted in 12 different fields in 1997 to determine critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B in soil, and to study the effects of these micronutrients on the yield and quality of cotton in Varamin region. The experiment design was a randomized complete block one (RCB) with four treatments and three replications. Treatments were; NPK, NPK+Fe, NPK+Zn, and NPK+B. Iron was applied as FeEDDHA (20 kg.ha -1 ), Zn as zinc sulfate (40 Kg.ha -1 ), and B as boric acid (20 Kg. ha -1 ) prior to planting. Average seed cotton yield, lint yield, seed index, and boll weight increased significantly by adding Fe, Zn, and B. In a cotton field with higher soil B concentrations, cotton yield decreased with B fertilizer. Critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were determined based on Cate-Nelson graphical and analysis of variance methods. In graphical method critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were 4.8, 1.1, and 1.0 mg.Kg -1 soil, respectively, while on the basis of analysis of variance method, these levels were 5.5, 1.1, and 1.3 mg.kg -1 soil, respectively. In one field, boll shedding decreased by Zn and Fe treatments but was not affected by B addition. Iron to Zn ratio in cotton leaves increased at Fe treatment and decreased in Zn treatments. Boron treatment increased B content of leaves. Furthermore, zinc sulfate decreased B toxicity in the cotton leaves. In short, applying micronutrients increased quality and yield of cotton in Varamin region.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fe, Zn, and B additions significantly increased average seed cotton yield, lint yield, seed index, and boll weight.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Fe, Zn, and Be0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yield, lint yield, seed index, and boll weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seed cotton yield, lint yield, seed index, and boll weight increased significantly by adding Fe, Zn, and B.”
e1“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Varamin )”
Claim · model-written summary
B fertilizer decreased cotton yield in a field with higher soil B.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- B fertilizere0
- Outcome
- cotton yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- higher soil B concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a cotton field with higher soil B concentrations, cotton yield decreased with B fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
The graphical method estimated the soil Fe critical level at 4.8 mg.Kg -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- critical levels of Fee0
- Value
- 4.8e0
- Qualifier
- graphical methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In graphical method critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were 4.8, 1.1, and 1.0 mg.Kg -1 soil, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The graphical method estimated the soil Zn critical level at 1.1 mg.Kg -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- critical levels of Fe, Zn, and Be0
- Value
- 1.1e0
- Qualifier
- graphical methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In graphical method critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were 4.8, 1.1, and 1.0 mg.Kg -1 soil, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The graphical method estimated the soil B critical level at 1.0 mg.Kg -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- critical levels of Fe, Zn, and Be0
- Value
- 1.0 mg.Kg -1 soile0
- Qualifier
- graphical methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In graphical method critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were 4.8, 1.1, and 1.0 mg.Kg -1 soil, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of variance estimated the soil Fe critical level at 5.5 mg.kg -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- these levelse0
- Value
- 5.5e0
- Qualifier
- analysis of variance methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the basis of analysis of variance method, these levels were 5.5, 1.1, and 1.3 mg.kg -1 soil, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of variance estimated the soil Zn critical level at 1.1 mg.kg -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- these levelse0
- Value
- 1.1e0
- Qualifier
- analysis of variance methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the basis of analysis of variance method, these levels were 5.5, 1.1, and 1.3 mg.kg -1 soil, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of variance estimated the soil B critical level at 1.3 mg.kg -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- these levelse0
- Value
- 1.3 mg.kg -1 soile0
- Qualifier
- analysis of variance methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the basis of analysis of variance method, these levels were 5.5, 1.1, and 1.3 mg.kg -1 soil, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Fe treatments decreased boll shedding in one field.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Zn and Fe treatmentse0
- Outcome
- boll sheddinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one field, boll shedding decreased by Zn and Fe treatments”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
B addition did not affect boll shedding in one field.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- B additione0
- Outcome
- boll sheddinge0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one field, boll shedding decreased by Zn and Fe treatments but was not affected by B addition.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe treatment increased the iron-to-zinc ratio in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Fe treatmente0
- Outcome
- Iron to Zn ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron to Zn ratio in cotton leaves increased at Fe treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn treatments decreased the iron-to-zinc ratio in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Iron to Zn ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron to Zn ratio in cotton leaves increased at Fe treatment and decreased in Zn treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
B treatment increased leaf B content.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Boron treatmente0
- Outcome
- B content of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron treatment increased B content of leaves.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate decreased B toxicity in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- zinc sulfatee0
- Outcome
- B toxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc sulfate decreased B toxicity in the cotton leaves”
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See all 550 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.