Abstract
The study evaluated three strains of Streptomyces (CAI-21, CAI-26 and MMA-32) for their plant growth promoting (PGP) traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions in two consecutive post-rainy seasons, 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, to confirm colonizing ability in chickpea and to demonstrate gene expression profiles of indoleacetic acid, siderophore and β- 1,3-glucanase genes. The Streptomyces enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 d after sowing (DAS) and plant height, pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the uninoculated control. At crop maturity, the Streptomyces enhanced stover yield, grain yield and total dry matter in both seasons over the uninoculated control. In the rhizosphere, the biological and mineral nutrient activities, such as microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon were also found higher in plots inoculated with Streptomyces in both seasons over the uninoculated control plots. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the Streptomyces colonized the roots of chickpea. Quantitative real time PCR analysis on selected PGP genes of Streptomyces revealed up-regulation of β-1,3-glucanase gene in CAI-26, β-1,3-glucanase and siderophore genes (siderophore synthetase) in CAI-21 and β-1,3-glucanase, siderophore (siderophore synthetase) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH and IAAM) genes in MMA-32. The three Streptomyces demonstrated broad-spectrum PGP activity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces inoculation increased chickpea nodule number and nodule weight at 30 days after sowing over the uninoculated control in field trials.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces
Streptomycese0other - Outcome
- nodule number, nodule weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“The Streptomyces enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 d after sowing (DAS) and plant height, pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the uninoculated control”
e1“under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces inoculation increased chickpea root weight and shoot weight at 30 days after sowing over the uninoculated control in field trials.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- root weight and shoot weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“The Streptomyces enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 d after sowing (DAS) and plant height, pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the uninoculated control”
e1“under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces inoculation increased chickpea plant height, pod number and pod weight at 60 days after sowing over the uninoculated control in field trials.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- plant height, pod number, pod weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“The Streptomyces enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 d after sowing (DAS) and plant height, pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the uninoculated control”
e1“under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces inoculation increased chickpea leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 days after sowing over the uninoculated control in field trials.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- leaf area, leaf weight and stem weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“The Streptomyces enhanced nodule number, nodule weight, root weight and shoot weight at 30 d after sowing (DAS) and plant height, pod number, pod weight, leaf area, leaf weight and stem weight at 60 DAS in both seasons over the uninoculated control”
e1“under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
At crop maturity Streptomyces inoculation increased chickpea stover yield, grain yield and total dry matter in both seasons over the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- stover yield, grain yield and total dry mattere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“At crop maturity, the Streptomyces enhanced stover yield, grain yield and total dry matter in both seasons over the uninoculated control”
e1“under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea rhizosphere microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity were higher in Streptomyces-inoculated plots than uninoculated control plots in both seasons.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated control plotse0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“In the rhizosphere, the biological and mineral nutrient activities, such as microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon were also found higher in plots inoculated with Streptomyces in both seasons over the uninoculated control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea rhizosphere total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon were higher in Streptomyces-inoculated plots than uninoculated control plots in both seasons.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Streptomycese0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated control plotse0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“In the rhizosphere, the biological and mineral nutrient activities, such as microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon were also found higher in plots inoculated with Streptomyces in both seasons over the uninoculated control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed that Streptomyces colonized chickpea roots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0other
- Outcome
- colonized the rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the Streptomyces colonized the roots of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantitative real-time PCR showed up-regulation of the β-1,3-glucanase gene in Streptomyces strain CAI-26.
- Taxon
- StreptomycesStreptomycese2
- Material
- CAI-26e1
- Gene
- β-1,3-glucanase genee1
- Outcome
- up-regulatione0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation”
e1“β-1,3-glucanase gene in CAI-26”
e2“PGP genes of Streptomyces”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantitative real-time PCR showed up-regulation of the β-1,3-glucanase and siderophore (siderophore synthetase) genes in Streptomyces strain CAI-21.
- Taxon
- StreptomycesStreptomycese2
- Material
- CAI-21e1
- Gene
- β-1,3-glucanase and siderophore genese1
- Outcome
- up-regulatione0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation”
e1“β-1,3-glucanase and siderophore genes (siderophore synthetase) in CAI-21”
e2“PGP genes of Streptomyces”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantitative real-time PCR showed up-regulation of the β-1,3-glucanase, siderophore (siderophore synthetase) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH and IAAM) genes in Streptomyces strain MMA-32.
- Taxon
- StreptomycesStreptomycese2
- Material
- MMA-32e1
- Gene
- β-1,3-glucanase, siderophore (siderophore synthetase) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH and IAAM) genese1
- Outcome
- up-regulatione0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation”
e1“β-1,3-glucanase, siderophore (siderophore synthetase) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH and IAAM) genes in MMA-32”
e2“PGP genes of Streptomyces”
Claim · model-written summary
The three Streptomyces strains showed broad-spectrum plant growth promoting activity.
- Taxon
- StreptomycesStreptomycese0
- Outcome
- broad-spectrum PGP activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three Streptomyces demonstrated broad-spectrum PGP activity”
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