Abstract
In France, short hot water treatment (2/3min.) can now be applied in food industry. As far as Ph/yctaena vagabunda is concerned (Ienticel spot disease or -G/oeosporiuma) hot water treatments are very effective. We know now more about the hot water risk injuries : only a few varieties can be treatAn .aL52. aC. By contrast, at 50°C a lot of varieties are not susceptible tO hot water risk injury. Unfortunately Golden delicious apples can not b_e_trèai.acLlt-5G-2Cf3 min., a slight change of skin coloration is unacceptable commercially. In fact, Golden delicious apples are the most susceptible to thermotherapy. In this case it is possible however to lower the temperature up to 48 aC. Such a treatment is completely safe for ali varieties assayed, but the efficacy is less than the 50 aC treatment. In that case we can use some natural antifungal compounds extracted from edible plants. Eugenol and natural clove oil, have been selected in our laboratory as the best antifungal compounds in fight lenticel spot disease. Considerable experiments have been performed on Golden delicious apples, finally a combination of hot water treatment (48 aCf3 min.) and eugenol (1,5g a.i.ll) gives a hight efficacy without any skin injury. A prolonged antifungal effect was obtained as expected. Hot water treatment can be applied immediatly in food industry. In the case of eugenol, we have to wait 2003 to get it commercially available for organic farmers (XEDA INTERNATIONAL). If we are able in food industry to combine hot water treatment, the use of natural compounds and for biofungicides (such as yeasts), it could be reasonably envisaged to obtain a very high efficacy close to that of chemical treatments.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water treatments were very effective against apple lenticel spot disease.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- hot water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Ienticel spot diseasee1
- Direction
- very effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hot water treatments are very effective”
e1“Ienticel spot disease or -G/oeosporiuma”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50°C many apple varieties were not susceptible to hot water injury.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 50°Ce0
- Outcome
- hot water risk injurye0
- Direction
- not susceptiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 50°C a lot of varieties are not susceptible tO hot water risk injury”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden delicious apples were the most susceptible to thermotherapy.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Golden deliciouse0
- Outcome
- susceptible to thermotherapye0
- Direction
- most susceptiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Golden delicious apples are the most susceptible to thermotherapy”
Claim · model-written summary
A lower 48 aC treatment was safe for all assayed apple varieties.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 48 aCe0
- Outcome
- completely safee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower the temperature up to 48 aC. Such a treatment is completely safe for ali varieties assayed”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The 48 aC treatment was less effective than the 50 aC treatment.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 48 aCe1
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- 50 aC treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy is less than the 50 aC treatment”
e1“lower the temperature up to 48 aC”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenol was selected as a leading natural antifungal against apple lenticel spot.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Eugenole0
- Outcome
- best antifungal compounds in fight lenticel spot diseasee0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eugenol and natural clove oil, have been selected in our laboratory as the best antifungal compounds in fight lenticel spot disease”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural clove oil was selected as a leading natural antifungal against apple lenticel spot.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- natural clove oile0
- Outcome
- best antifungal compounds in fight lenticel spot diseasee0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eugenol and natural clove oil, have been selected in our laboratory as the best antifungal compounds in fight lenticel spot disease”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hot water and eugenol treatment achieved high efficacy on Golden delicious apples without skin injury.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Golden deliciouse0
- Treatment
- hot water treatment (48 aCf3 min.) and eugenol (1,5g a.i.ll)e0
- Outcome
- hight efficacy without any skin injurye0
- Direction
- highte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on Golden delicious apples, finally a combination of hot water treatment (48 aCf3 min.) and eugenol (1,5g a.i.ll) gives a hight efficacy without any skin injury”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment yielded a prolonged antifungal effect.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- prolonged antifungal effecte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A prolonged antifungal effect was obtained as expected.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered hot water treatment ready for food industry application.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Hot water treatment can be applied immediatly in food industrye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hot water treatment can be applied immediatly in food industry.”
t0“Apples”
The same questions in other papers
eugenol · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
heat · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.