Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of isomers of aminobutyric acid and were either analyzed for the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins or challenged with the late blight fungal agent Phytophthora infestans. The [beta] isomer of aminobutyric acid induced the accumulation of high levels of three proteins: P14a, [beta]-1,3 glucanase, and chitinase. These proteins either did not accumulate or accumulated to a much lower level in [alpha]- or [gamma]-aminobutyric acid-treated plants. Plants pretreated with [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid were protected up to 11 d to an extent of 35, 92, and 6%, respectively, against a challenge infection with P. infestans. Protection by [beta]-aminobutyric acid was afforded against the blight even when the chemical was applied 1 d postinoculation. Examination of ethylene evolution showed that [alpha]-aminobutyric acid induced the production of 3-fold higher levels of ethylene compared with [beta]-aminobutyric acid, whereas [gamma]-aminobutyric acid induced no ethylene production. In addition, silver thiosulfate, a potent inhibitor of ethylene action, did not abolish the resistance induced by [beta]-aminobutyric acid. The results are consistent with the possibility that [beta]-aminobutyric acid protects tomato foliage against the late blight disease by a mechanism that is not mediated by ethylene and that PR proteins can be involved in induced resistance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The beta isomer induced high levels of P14a, beta-1,3 glucanase and chitinase.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- [beta] isomer of aminobutyric acide0
- Gene
- P14a, [beta]-1,3 glucanase, and chitinasee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of high levels of three proteinse0
- Direction
- high levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The [beta] isomer of aminobutyric acid induced the accumulation of high levels of three proteins: P14a, [beta]-1,3 glucanase, and chitinase”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
These proteins accumulated little or not at all after alpha or gamma aminobutyric acid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [alpha]- or [gamma]-aminobutyric acid-treatede0
- Outcome
- These proteinse0
- Direction
- much lower levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These proteins either did not accumulate or accumulated to a much lower level in [alpha]- or [gamma]-aminobutyric acid-treated plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha aminobutyric acid protected plants by 35% against P. infestans for up to 11 days.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [alpha]-e0
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Value
- 35e0
- Qualifier
- up to 11 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants pretreated with [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid were protected up to 11 d to an extent of 35, 92, and 6%, respectively, against a challenge infection with P. infestans”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta aminobutyric acid protected plants by 92% against P. infestans for up to 11 days.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [beta]-e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Value
- 92e0
- Qualifier
- up to 11 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants pretreated with [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid were protected up to 11 d to an extent of 35, 92, and 6%, respectively, against a challenge infection with P. infestans”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma aminobutyric acid protected plants by 6% against P. infestans for up to 11 days.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [gamma]-aminobutyric acide0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- up to 11 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants pretreated with [alpha]-, [beta]-, and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid were protected up to 11 d to an extent of 35, 92, and 6%, respectively, against a challenge infection with P. infestans”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta aminobutyric acid protected against blight even when applied one day after inoculation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [beta]-aminobutyric acide0
- Outcome
- Protectione0
- Direction
- affordede0
- Qualifier
- 1 d postinoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protection by [beta]-aminobutyric acid was afforded against the blight even when the chemical was applied 1 d postinoculation”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha aminobutyric acid induced threefold higher ethylene than beta aminobutyric acid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [alpha]-aminobutyric acide0
- Outcome
- levels of ethylenee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3-folde0
- Comparator
- [beta]-aminobutyric acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“[alpha]-aminobutyric acid induced the production of 3-fold higher levels of ethylene compared with [beta]-aminobutyric acid”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma aminobutyric acid induced no ethylene production.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- [gamma]-aminobutyric acide0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“[gamma]-aminobutyric acid induced no ethylene production”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver thiosulfate did not abolish resistance induced by beta aminobutyric acid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silver thiosulfatee0
- Outcome
- resistance induced by [beta]-aminobutyric acide0
- Direction
- did not abolishe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silver thiosulfate, a potent inhibitor of ethylene action, did not abolish the resistance induced by [beta]-aminobutyric acid”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest beta aminobutyric acid resistance to blight may be independent of ethylene.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- [beta]-aminobutyric acide0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- protects tomato foliage against the late blight diseasee0
- Qualifier
- not mediated by ethylenee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“[beta]-aminobutyric acid protects tomato foliage against the late blight disease by a mechanism that is not mediated by ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest PR proteins may participate in induced resistance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- PR proteinse0
- Outcome
- induced resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR proteins can be involved in induced resistance”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
silver atom · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.