Abstract
In many part of Iran, the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress. Therefore, the investigation of irrigation management in the farm conditions is a necessary element for increasing irrigation efficiency and decreasing water losses. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of different rates of super absorbent polymer and levels of water stress on water use efficiency (WUE), yield and some morphological traits of sunflower (cultivar ‘Master’). Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with 3 replications. Factors were water stress in three levels (irrigation in 0.75; 0.50 and 0.25% of field capacity) and super absorbent polymer in five levels (0; 0.75; 0.150; 2.25; 3 g/kg of soil). Super absorbent polymer was added in eight leaves stage of sunflower to pots in deepness of roots development. Water stress treatment was also applied in this growth stage of sunflower. For stress application, pots were weighted every day and irrigated when soil water received to 0.75; 0.50 and 0.25 of field capacity, respectively. The results of ANOVA indicated that the effect of different rates of super absorbent polymer and different rates of consumed water in all traits were significant. ANOVA also revealed that the interactive effects of two mentioned factors were significant except for seed yield trait. Polynomial model based on the ANOVA results was fitted for each trait. The results indicated that water stress significantly convert in decreasing the number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, 100 weight of seeds, seed yield and WUE in sunflower, whereas the application of super absorbent polymer moderated the negative effect of deficit irrigation, especially in high rates of polymer (2.25 and 3 g/kg of soil). The above mentioned rates of polymer have the best effect to all characteristics of sunflower in all levels of water stress treatment. The findings strongly suggest that the irrigation period of sunflower cultivation can be increased by application of polymer.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased the number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content and 100-seed weight of sunflower.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, 100 weight of seedse1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
- Setting
- Greenhouse Conditiont1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress”
e1“The results indicated that water stress significantly convert in decreasing the number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, 100 weight of seeds, seed yield and WUE in sunflower”
t1“under Greenhouse Condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased seed yield and water use efficiency of sunflower.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- seed yield and WUEe1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress”
e1“The results indicated that water stress significantly convert in decreasing the number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, 100 weight of seeds, seed yield and WUE in sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent polymer moderated the negative effect of deficit irrigation on sunflower, especially at high rates.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- super absorbent polymere2
- Outcome
- the negative effect of deficit irrigatione2
- Direction
- moderatede2
- Qualifier
- especially in high rates of polymer (2.25 and 3 g/kg of soil)e2
- Comparator
- deficit irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress”
e2“the application of super absorbent polymer moderated the negative effect of deficit irrigation, especially in high rates of polymer (2.25 and 3 g/kg of soil)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest polymer rates, 2.25 and 3 g/kg of soil, had the best effect on all sunflower characteristics at all water stress levels.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- rates of polymere3
- Outcome
- all characteristics of sunflowere3
- Direction
- best effecte3
- Qualifier
- 2.25 and 3 g/kg of soile2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress”
e2“the application of super absorbent polymer moderated the negative effect of deficit irrigation, especially in high rates of polymer (2.25 and 3 g/kg of soil)”
e3“The above mentioned rates of polymer have the best effect to all characteristics of sunflower in all levels of water stress treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of polymer rates and water consumption were significant for all traits of sunflower.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- super absorbent polymere4
- Outcome
- all traitse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress”
e4“The results of ANOVA indicated that the effect of different rates of super absorbent polymer and different rates of consumed water in all traits were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactive effects of polymer and water stress were significant for all traits except seed yield.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus L.Helianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- interactive effectse5
- Qualifier
- except for seed yield traite5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reproductive growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are exposed to water deficit stress”
e5“ANOVA also revealed that the interactive effects of two mentioned factors were significant except for seed yield trait”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation period of sunflower cultivation can be increased by applying super absorbent polymer.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse6
- Treatment
- application of polymere6
- Outcome
- irrigation period of sunflower cultivatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The findings strongly suggest that the irrigation period of sunflower cultivation can be increased by application of polymer”
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