Abstract
The role of zinc (Zn) in reproduction of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15) and the extent to which the Zn requirement for reproduction can be met through supplementation of Zn at the time of initiation of the reproductive phase have been investigated. Low supply (0.1micromol/L) of Zn reduced the size of anthers, the pollen producing capacity and the size and viability of the pollen grains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of pollen grains of Zn deficient plants showed enhanced thickening of exine and wide and raised muri. In vitro germination of pollen grains was reduced by >50% and growth of pollen tubes was retarded. Unlike Zn sufficient plants, the cuticle around the stigmatic papillae of Zn deficient plants remained intact, preventing the interaction between pollen grains and stigmatic exudates that provides the polarity for the growth of pollen tubes through the stylar tract. Zn deficiency increased the activity of acid phosphatase and peroxidase in extracts of pollen grains. Histochemical localisation on the stigmatic surface and native PAGE of the enzyme extracts of pollen grain and stigma exudates showed enhanced expression of acid phosphatase and peroxidase and suppressed expression of esterase in response to Zn deficiency. Zn deficiency reduced the setting of seeds and also their viability. The effect on seed setting was more marked than on in vitro germination of pollen grains, suggesting that the latter was not the exclusive cause of inhibition of fertility. Possibly, loss of fertility was also caused by impairment in pollen-pistil interaction conducive to pollen tube growth and fertilisation. Impairment in pollen structure and function and seed setting was observed even when plants were deprived of Zn at the time of flowering, but to a lesser extent than in plants maintained with low Zn supply from the beginning. Increasing the Zn supply from deficient to sufficient at the initiation of flowering decreased the severity of Zn deficiency effects on pollen and stigma morphology, pollen fertility and seed yield. In conclusion, structural and functional changes induced in pollen grains and stigma of Zn deficient plants and associated decrease in seed setting of lentil indicate a critical requirement of Zn for pollen function and fertilisation that can be partially met by supplementing Zn at the onset of the reproductive phase.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Low supply (0.1micromol/L) of Zn reduced the size of anthers, the pollen producing capacity and the size and viability of the pollen grains.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise1 - Treatment
- Low supply (0.1micromol/L) of Zne0
- Outcome
- size of anthers, the pollen producing capacity and the size and viability of the pollen grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low supply (0.1micromol/L) of Zn reduced the size of anthers, the pollen producing capacity and the size and viability of the pollen grains.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of pollen grains of Zn deficient plants showed enhanced thickening of exine and wide and raised muri.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Zn deficiente0
- Outcome
- thickening of exine and wide and raised murie0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of pollen grains of Zn deficient plants showed enhanced thickening of exine and wide and raised muri.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro germination of pollen grains was reduced by >50% and growth of pollen tubes was retarded.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Outcome
- germination of pollen grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >50%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro germination of pollen grains was reduced by >50% and growth of pollen tubes was retarded.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro germination of pollen grains was reduced by >50% and growth of pollen tubes was retarded.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Outcome
- growth of pollen tubese0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro germination of pollen grains was reduced by >50% and growth of pollen tubes was retarded.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unlike Zn sufficient plants, the cuticle around the stigmatic papillae of Zn deficient plants remained intact, preventing the interaction between pollen grains and stigmatic exudates that provides the polarity for the growth of pollen tubes through the stylar tract.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Zn deficiente0
- Outcome
- cuticle around the stigmatic papillaee0
- Direction
- remained intacte0
- Comparator
- Zn sufficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike Zn sufficient plants, the cuticle around the stigmatic papillae of Zn deficient plants remained intact, preventing the interaction between pollen grains and stigmatic exudates that provides the polarity for the growth of pollen tubes through the stylar tract.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn deficiency increased the activity of acid phosphatase and peroxidase in extracts of pollen grains.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- activity of acid phosphatase and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn deficiency increased the activity of acid phosphatase and peroxidase in extracts of pollen grains.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Histochemical localisation on the stigmatic surface and native PAGE of the enzyme extracts of pollen grain and stigma exudates showed enhanced expression of acid phosphatase and peroxidase and suppressed expression of esterase in response to Zn deficiency.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- expression of acid phosphatase and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Histochemical localisation on the stigmatic surface and native PAGE of the enzyme extracts of pollen grain and stigma exudates showed enhanced expression of acid phosphatase and peroxidase and suppressed expression of esterase in response to Zn deficiency.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Histochemical localisation on the stigmatic surface and native PAGE of the enzyme extracts of pollen grain and stigma exudates showed enhanced expression of acid phosphatase and peroxidase and suppressed expression of esterase in response to Zn deficiency.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- expression of esterasee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Histochemical localisation on the stigmatic surface and native PAGE of the enzyme extracts of pollen grain and stigma exudates showed enhanced expression of acid phosphatase and peroxidase and suppressed expression of esterase in response to Zn deficiency.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn deficiency reduced the setting of seeds and also their viability.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Zn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- setting of seeds and also their viabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn deficiency reduced the setting of seeds and also their viability.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect on seed setting was more marked than on in vitro germination of pollen grains, suggesting that the latter was not the exclusive cause of inhibition of fertility.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Outcome
- seed settinge0
- Direction
- more markede0
- Comparator
- in vitro germination of pollen grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect on seed setting was more marked than on in vitro germination of pollen grains, suggesting that the latter was not the exclusive cause of inhibition of fertility.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Possibly, loss of fertility was also caused by impairment in pollen-pistil interaction conducive to pollen tube growth and fertilisation.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Organ / stage
- pollen-pistile0
- Outcome
- loss of fertilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Possibly, loss of fertility was also caused by impairment in pollen-pistil interaction conducive to pollen tube growth and fertilisation.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Impairment in pollen structure and function and seed setting was observed even when plants were deprived of Zn at the time of flowering, but to a lesser extent than in plants maintained with low Zn supply from the beginning.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- deprived of Zn at the time of floweringe0
- Outcome
- pollen structure and function and seed settinge0
- Direction
- to a lesser extente0
- Comparator
- plants maintained with low Zn supply from the beginninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Impairment in pollen structure and function and seed setting was observed even when plants were deprived of Zn at the time of flowering, but to a lesser extent than in plants maintained with low Zn supply from the beginning.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the Zn supply from deficient to sufficient at the initiation of flowering decreased the severity of Zn deficiency effects on pollen and stigma morphology, pollen fertility and seed yield.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- Increasing the Zn supply from deficient to sufficient at the initiation of floweringe0
- Outcome
- severity of Zn deficiency effects on pollen and stigma morphology, pollen fertility and seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the Zn supply from deficient to sufficient at the initiation of flowering decreased the severity of Zn deficiency effects on pollen and stigma morphology, pollen fertility and seed yield.”
e1“lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. DPL 15)”
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