Abstract
Deficit irrigation may be used to control canopy development, yield, and fruit composition in order to enhance fruit colour, texture, and juice composition. The present study was carried out in 2007 using five-year old Lambrusco grapevines grown with the root system split into two pots. Water stress was applied on half of the vines (stressed) by withholding water from one out of the two pots from pre-veraison till harvest. At harvest, yield and cluster number per vine were recorded. Leaves and berries were collected and their mineral composition analyzed. Samples of 200-berries were collected to obtain qualitative parameters and to investigate mechanical properties using a TAxT2i Texture Analyzer. In order to confirm berry skin values obtained using texture analysis, microscope observations were made on frozen samples. Berry development (cluster and berry weight) was reduced by water stress; yield, sugar concentration, acidity and pH were similar between treatments, while malic acid and potassium concentrations in control vines were greater than in stressed vines. Water stress significantly enhanced the total anthocyanins. Mechanical properties of berries were strongly affected by water stress, showing a significant increase of berry skin thickness and a decrease of firmness. Microscope observations confirmed greater skin thickness as a result of water stress. Calcium, Mg, and B content in leaves and in berries significantly changed when water stress conditions were imposed. Sulphur and Mn content in leaves and P content in berries were also affected by treatment. These changes probably resulted from differential uptake and flow of nutrients from leaves to berries under water stress. In particular low Ca in leaves and high Ca levels in berries were registered in stressed vines, indicating the important role of Ca in enhancing berry skin thickness. The same pattern of flow from leaves to berries was noticed for Mg. In contrast, low levels of B were found both in leaves and in berries of stressed plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced berry development (cluster and berry weight)
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e1“Berry development (cluster and berry weight) was reduced by water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress did not change yield or sugar concentration
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- yield, sugar concentratione2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- between treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e2“yield, sugar concentration, acidity and pH were similar between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress did not change acidity or pH
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- acidity and pHe2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- between treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e2“yield, sugar concentration, acidity and pH were similar between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid and potassium concentrations were greater in control vines than in stressed vines
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- malic acid and potassium concentrationse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- stressed vinese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e3“malic acid and potassium concentrations in control vines were greater than in stressed vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly enhanced total anthocyanins
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e4“Water stress significantly enhanced the total anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly increased berry skin thickness
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e5“showing a significant increase of berry skin thickness and a decrease of firmness”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased berry firmness
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e5“showing a significant increase of berry skin thickness and a decrease of firmness”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium, magnesium and boron contents in leaves and berries changed significantly under water stress
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e6“Calcium, Mg, and B content in leaves and in berries significantly changed when water stress conditions were imposed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur and manganese in leaves and phosphorus in berries were affected by treatment
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e7“Sulphur and Mn content in leaves and P content in berries were also affected by treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium in leaves was low in stressed vines
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e1“low Ca in leaves and high Ca levels in berries were registered in stressed vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium in berries was high in stressed vines
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e0“Water stress was applied on half of the vines”
e1“low Ca in leaves and high Ca levels in berries were registered in stressed vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium plays an important role in enhancing berry skin thickness
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e1“indicating the important role of Ca in enhancing berry skin thickness”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium flowed from leaves to berries in the same pattern as calcium
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e1“The same pattern of flow from leaves to berries was noticed for Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron levels were low in leaves and berries of stressed plants
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“IMPLICATIONS OF WATER STRESS IN GRAPEVINE”
e1“In contrast, low levels of B were found both in leaves and in berries of stressed plants”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.