Abstract
A 9-yr large-scale integrated pest management (IPM) study was initiated in 1985 to develop and refine profitable conservation cropping systems in the Palouse wheat-growing region of the Pacific Northwest. Weed scientists from the USDA-ARS and the land-grant universities of ID and WA led a team of researchers and extension personnel from eight disciplines to investigate the interactions of crop systems, tillage systems, and weed management levels (WML) on crop production. Ineffective weed control has been a major deterrent to the adoption of conservation tillage by wheat growers. With this in mind, the primary focus of the scientists on the IPM project was integrated weed management (IWM) in conservation crop production systems for highly erodible land. For the first time in the Pacific Northwest, systems research developed a conservation production system using a 3-yr crop rotation that controlled weeds effectively, reduced erosion, was less risky than traditional farming systems, and was profitable. Broadleaf weeds were more prevalent in the 3-yr rotation of winter wheat-spring barley-spring pea compared to continuous wheat in both conservation and conventional tillage systems. In conservation tillage, troublesome grass weeds included wild oat and downy brome. Wild oat was controlled effectively at the moderate and maximum weed management levels under conservation tillage in the 3-yr rotation. Two years out of winter wheat (such as in the 3-yr rotation) reduced downy brome populations. In contrast, growing a spring crop 1 yr, followed by 2 yr of winter wheat was not effective for controlling downy brome. Effective weed control was instrumental in developing successful conservation IPM cropping systems, and education and technology transfer were important in helping action agencies assist growers in adopting these systems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The three-year conservation production system controlled weeds effectively.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 3-yr crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a conservation production system using a 3-yr crop rotation that controlled weeds effectively”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-year conservation system reduced erosion.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 3-yr crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- erosione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a conservation production system using a 3-yr crop rotation that controlled weeds effectively, reduced erosion”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The system was less risky than traditional farming systems.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- riskye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- traditional farming systemse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was less risky than traditional farming systems”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The conservation system was profitable.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and was profitable.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaf weeds were more prevalent under the three-year rotation than continuous wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 3-yr rotation of winter wheat-spring barley-spring peae0
- Interactor
- Broadleaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Broadleaf weedse0
- Direction
- more prevalente0
- Comparator
- continuous wheate0
- Setting
- conservation and conventional tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadleaf weeds were more prevalent in the 3-yr rotation of winter wheat-spring barley-spring pea compared to continuous wheat in both conservation and conventional tillage systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild oat was effectively controlled at moderate and maximum weed management levels in conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- moderate and maximum weed management levelse0
- Interactor
- Wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- Wild oate0
- Direction
- controlled effectivelye0
- Setting
- conservation tillagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild oat was controlled effectively at the moderate and maximum weed management levels under conservation tillage in the 3-yr rotation.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years out of winter wheat reduced downy brome populations.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Two years out of winter wheate0
- Interactor
- downy brome
Bromus tectorume0weed - Outcome
- downy brome populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two years out of winter wheat (such as in the 3-yr rotation) reduced downy brome populations.”
Claim · model-written summary
One spring crop followed by two winter wheat years did not control downy brome effectively.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- growing a spring crop 1 yr, followed by 2 yr of winter wheate0
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume0weed
- Outcome
- controlling downy bromee0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing a spring crop 1 yr, followed by 2 yr of winter wheat was not effective for controlling downy brome.”
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See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.