Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are fundamental components of the signaling pathways associated with plant immunity. Despite the large number of MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKK) encoded in the plant genome, only very few of them have an assigned function. Here, we identified MAPKKK gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SIMAPKKKε, which is required for hypersensitive response cell death and disease resistance against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Silencing of SIMAPKKKε compromised tomato resistance to Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae strains, resulting in the appearance of disease symptoms and enhanced bacterial growth. In addition, silencing of NbMAPKKKε in Nicotiana benthamiana plants significantly inhibited the cell death triggered by expression of different R gene/effector gene pairs. Conversely, overexpression of either the full-length SIMAPKKKε gene or its kinase domain in N. benthamiana leaves caused pathogen-independent activation of cell death that required an intact kinase catalytic domain. Moreover, by suppressing the expression of various MAPKK and MAPK genes and overexpressing the SIMAPKKKε kinase domain, we identified a signaling cascade acting downstream of SIMAPKKKε that includes MEK2, WIPK and SIPK. Additional epistasis experiments revealed that SIPKK functions as a negative regulator of SIMAPKKKε-mediated cell death. Our results provide evidence that SIMAPKKKε is a signaling molecule that positively regulates cell death networks associated with plant immunity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SIMAPKKKε is required for hypersensitive response cell death and disease resistance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Gene
- SIMAPKKKεe1
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response cell death and disease resistancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we identified MAPKKK gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SIMAPKKKε, which is required for hypersensitive response cell death and disease resistance against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SIMAPKKKε compromised tomato resistance to Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae strains.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Silencing of SIMAPKKKεe1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrise1pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee1pathogen - Outcome
- resistancee1
- Direction
- compromisede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Silencing of SIMAPKKKε compromised tomato resistance to Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae strains, resulting in the appearance of disease symptoms and enhanced bacterial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SIMAPKKKε in tomato enhanced bacterial growth and disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Silencing of SIMAPKKKεe1
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Silencing of SIMAPKKKε compromised tomato resistance to Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae strains, resulting in the appearance of disease symptoms and enhanced bacterial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of NbMAPKKKε in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly inhibited cell death triggered by R gene and effector gene pairs.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- silencing of NbMAPKKKεe1
- Gene
- NbMAPKKKεe1
- Outcome
- cell deathe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“silencing of NbMAPKKKε in Nicotiana benthamiana plants significantly inhibited the cell death triggered by expression of different R gene/effector gene pairs”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of the full-length SIMAPKKKε gene or its kinase domain caused pathogen-independent cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- overexpression of either the full-length SIMAPKKKε gene or its kinase domaine1
- Gene
- SIMAPKKKεe1
- Outcome
- cell deathe1
- Direction
- causede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“overexpression of either the full-length SIMAPKKKε gene or its kinase domain in N. benthamiana leaves caused pathogen-independent activation of cell death that required an intact kinase catalytic domain”
Claim · model-written summary
A signalling cascade acting downstream of SIMAPKKKε includes MEK2, WIPK and SIPK.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- MEK2, WIPK and SIPKe1
- Outcome
- signaling cascadee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we identified a signaling cascade acting downstream of SIMAPKKKε that includes MEK2, WIPK and SIPK”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SIPKK functions as a negative regulator of SIMAPKKKε-mediated cell death.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- SIPKKe1
- Outcome
- cell deathe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SIPKK functions as a negative regulator of SIMAPKKKε-mediated cell death”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SIMAPKKKε is a signalling molecule that positively regulates cell death networks associated with plant immunity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- SIMAPKKKεe1
- Outcome
- cell death networkse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SIMAPKKKε is a signaling molecule that positively regulates cell death networks associated with plant immunity”
t0“Tomato”
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See all 155 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.