Abstract
Late blight remained a significant disease for potato growers in Europe long after the famine of the 1840s. Of the four mitochondrial haplotypes of Phytophthora infestans , only the Ia mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype has been identified previously in infected potato leaves from famine‐era herbarium specimens collected in England, Ireland and Europe in the 19th century. Long‐term soil fertility experiments were conducted on potato between 1876 and 1901 in Rothamsted to investigate effects of combinations of organic manures and mineral fertilizers on disease and yield. This report identifies for the first time the same Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in three diseased tubers from 1877 from the long‐term Rothamsted trials, thus providing the earliest evidence of the presence of the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in potato tubers in England. Soil amendments had a significant impact on disease and yield. A real‐time PCR assay was used to detect and quantify P. infestans in tubers. The level of pathogen DNA was greatest in tubers from highest yielding plots that received combinations of inorganic nitrogenous and mineral fertilizers and least in tubers from plots with organic farmyard manures or non‐nitrogenous mineral fertilizers. The Ia mtDNA haplotype was also confirmed from diseased potato leaves during the same time period. Thus, the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype survived in potato tubers after 1846 and was present over 30 years later in the UK.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans was identified in three diseased 1877 potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume2 - Organ / stage
- tuberse1
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Outcome
- Ia mtDNA haplotypee1
- Setting
- Englande2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“identifies for the first time the same Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in three diseased tubers from 1877”
e2“the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in potato tubers in England”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments had a significant impact on potato disease and yield in the Rothamsted trials.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- Soil amendmentse1
- Outcome
- disease and yielde1
- Setting
- Rothamstede2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soil amendments had a significant impact on disease and yield”
e2“experiments were conducted on potato between 1876 and 1901 in Rothamsted”
Claim · model-written summary
The level of P. infestans DNA in potato tubers was greatest under combinations of inorganic nitrogenous and mineral fertilizers and least under organic farmyard manures.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Organ / stage
- tuberse1
- Treatment
- combinations of inorganic nitrogenous and mineral fertilizerse1
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Outcome
- level of pathogen DNAe1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Comparator
- organic farmyard manurese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The level of pathogen DNA was greatest in tubers from highest yielding plots that received combinations of inorganic nitrogenous and mineral fertilizers and least in tubers from plots with organic farmyard manures”
e2“the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in potato tubers in England”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans was confirmed from diseased potato leaves in the same period.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Outcome
- Ia mtDNA haplotypee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The Ia mtDNA haplotype was also confirmed from diseased potato leaves during the same time period”
e2“the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in potato tubers in England”
Claim · model-written summary
The founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans survived in potato tubers after 1846 and was present over 30 years later in the UK.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Organ / stage
- tuberse1
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Outcome
- founder Ia mtDNA haplotypee1
- Qualifier
- survived in potato tubers after 1846e1
- Setting
- UKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype survived in potato tubers after 1846 and was present over 30 years later in the UK”
e2“the founder Ia mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans in potato tubers in England”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.