Abstract
To appraise the effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid (SA) on growth and some key physiological attributes in sunflower plants under salt stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Two sunflower lines (Hysun-33 and SF-187) were subjected to non-saline (control) and saline regimes (120 mM NaCl). After 14 days of initiation of salt treatment plants of both sunflower lines were supplied with varying levels (100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) of SA applied foliarly to all sunflower plants exposed to normal or saline substrates. After 21 days of SA application, data for growth (shoot biomass), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b), water relation components, and accumulation of proline and mineral nutrients were recorded. Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines. Foliar-applied SA improved growth, chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, and leaf and root Ca2+ concentrations. Of all salicylic acid levels used in the present study, 200 and 300 mg L-1 were found to be relatively more effective than the other levels in improving chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, leaf and root Ca2+ concentration, while the other attributes remained unaffected due to SA application. Of both sunflower lines, Hysun-33 had higher amounts of photosynthetic pigments and essential nutrients than did SF-187.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress adversely affected growth in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plants
Helianthus annuuse1 - Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress adversely affected chlorophyll pigments in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigmentse0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress adversely affected water relations in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- water relationse0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress adversely affected contents of some key mineral nutrients in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- contents of some key mineral nutrientse0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased proline in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased leaf and root Na+ in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf and root Na+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- both sunflower linese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Cl- contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress adversely affected the growth, chlorophyll pigments, water relations and contents of some key mineral nutrients, while increased the amount of proline and leaf and root Na+ as well as Cl- contents in both sunflower lines.”
e1“sunflower plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied SA improved growth.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied SAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied SA improved growth, chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, and leaf and root Ca2+ concentrations.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied SA improved chlorophyll a and b pigments.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied SAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied SA improved growth, chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, and leaf and root Ca2+ concentrations.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied SA improved leaf turgor potential.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied SAe0
- Outcome
- leaf turgor potentiale0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied SA improved growth, chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, and leaf and root Ca2+ concentrations.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied SA improved leaf and root Ca2+ concentrations.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied SAe0
- Outcome
- leaf and root Ca2+ concentrationse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar-applied SA improved growth, chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, and leaf and root Ca2+ concentrations.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 and 300 mg L-1 salicylic acid levels were relatively more effective for chlorophyll a and b pigments.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 200 and 300 mg L-1e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b pigmentse0
- Direction
- relatively more effectivee0
- Comparator
- the other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of all salicylic acid levels used in the present study, 200 and 300 mg L-1 were found to be relatively more effective than the other levels in improving chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, leaf and root Ca2+ concentration, while the other attributes remained unaffected due to SA application.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 and 300 mg L-1 salicylic acid levels were relatively more effective for leaf turgor potential.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 200 and 300 mg L-1e0
- Outcome
- leaf turgor potentiale0
- Direction
- relatively more effectivee0
- Comparator
- the other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of all salicylic acid levels used in the present study, 200 and 300 mg L-1 were found to be relatively more effective than the other levels in improving chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, leaf and root Ca2+ concentration, while the other attributes remained unaffected due to SA application.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 and 300 mg L-1 salicylic acid levels were relatively more effective for leaf and root Ca2+ concentration.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 200 and 300 mg L-1e0
- Outcome
- leaf and root Ca2+ concentratione0
- Direction
- relatively more effectivee0
- Comparator
- the other levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of all salicylic acid levels used in the present study, 200 and 300 mg L-1 were found to be relatively more effective than the other levels in improving chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, leaf and root Ca2+ concentration, while the other attributes remained unaffected due to SA application.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Other attributes remained unaffected by SA application.
- Taxon
- sunfl ower plantsHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- the other attributese0
- Direction
- remained unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of all salicylic acid levels used in the present study, 200 and 300 mg L-1 were found to be relatively more effective than the other levels in improving chlorophyll a and b pigments, leaf turgor potential, leaf and root Ca2+ concentration, while the other attributes remained unaffected due to SA application.”
t0“sunfl ower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hysun-33 had higher amounts of photosynthetic pigments than SF-187.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SF-187e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of both sunflower lines, Hysun-33 had higher amounts of photosynthetic pigments and essential nutrients than did SF-187.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hysun-33 had higher amounts of essential nutrients than SF-187.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- Hysun-33e0
- Outcome
- essential nutrientse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SF-187e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of both sunflower lines, Hysun-33 had higher amounts of photosynthetic pigments and essential nutrients than did SF-187.”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →salicylic acid · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: water · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →salinity · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →application · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →application · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.