Abstract
The application of fertilizers and saline irrigation water have resulted in increased soil salinity and the removal of large land areas from crop production. One method to overcome the effects of soil salinity is to increase the salt tolerance of crops. The objective of this research was to investigate the physiological, genetic, and agronomic differences between alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) bred for increased salt tolerance and salt sensitive alfalfa. The materials used in these studies were the result of five cycles of selection for germination NaCl tolerance, AZST 1978 to 1982, and the source population, 'Mesa-Sirsa'. All salt-tolerant cycles and Mesa-Sirsa were evaluated for ability to germinate in NaCl, NaNO₃, KCl, KNO₃, mannitol and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solutions ranging from -1.0 to -1.6 MPa of osmotic potential and a control of distilled water. Germination in the lower osmotic potentials of all germination medias was significantly higher with each succeeding cycle of selection for germination NaCl tolerance. Selection for tolerance to NaCl during germination also resulted in increased tolerance to the other salts as well as mannitol and PEG. Germination in mannitol was higher than in any of the salt solutions. This suggests that ion toxicity also inhibits germination. There was no significant difference between Mesa-Sirsa and AZST 1982, the most salt-tolerant cycle, in seed respiration in NaCl solutions or in uptake of tritiated NaCl solution during germination. Broadsense heritability of germination NaCl tolerance was estimated at 49%. All the Arizona Salt Tolerant cycles and Mesa-Sirsa were evaluated for several mature plant characteristics under non-saline field conditions. There were no significant differences among germplasm sources in forage yield, apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, or diffusive resistance. Seedlings of Mesa-Sirsa and AZST 1982 were grown in NaCl solutions ranging from 0 to 18000 ppm NaCl in the greenhouse. The plants were evaluated for several plant growth characteristics to determine whether selection for germination NaCl tolerance resulted in increased salt tolerance at more mature plant growth stages. There was no evidence that germination salt tolerance is related to salt tolerance at later growth stages in alfalfa. Salt tolerance during germination and later growth stages may be controlled by different physiological and genetic mechanisms.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Germination in lower osmotic potentials was significantly higher with each succeeding cycle of selection for germination NaCl tolerance in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- ALFALFA
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- selection for germination NaCl tolerancee1
- Outcome
- Germinatione1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e1“Germination in the lower osmotic potentials of all germination medias was significantly higher with each succeeding cycle of selection for germination NaCl tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection for germination NaCl tolerance increased tolerance to other salts, mannitol and PEG in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Selection for tolerance to NaCl during germinatione2
- Outcome
- tolerance to the other saltse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e2“Selection for tolerance to NaCl during germination also resulted in increased tolerance to the other salts as well as mannitol and PEG”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination in mannitol was higher than in any of the salt solutions in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- mannitole3
- Outcome
- Germinatione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- any of the salt solutionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e3“Germination in mannitol was higher than in any of the salt solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ion toxicity is suggested to inhibit germination in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- inhibits germinatione4
- Qualifier
- ion toxicitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e4“This suggests that ion toxicity also inhibits germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed respiration in NaCl solutions and uptake of tritiated NaCl during germination did not differ between Mesa-Sirsa and AZST 1982.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Material
- AZST 1982e5
- Outcome
- seed respiration in NaCl solutions or in uptake of tritiated NaCl solutione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- Mesa-Sirsae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e5“There was no significant difference between Mesa-Sirsa and AZST 1982, the most salt-tolerant cycle, in seed respiration in NaCl solutions or in uptake of tritiated NaCl solution during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-sense heritability of germination NaCl tolerance in alfalfa was estimated at 49%.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Broadsense heritability of germination NaCl tolerancee6
- Value
- 49%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e6“Broadsense heritability of germination NaCl tolerance was estimated at 49%”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yield did not differ among alfalfa germplasm sources under non-saline field conditions.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Arizona Salt Tolerant cycles and Mesa-Sirsae0
- Outcome
- forage yielde7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Setting
- non-saline field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e7“There were no significant differences among germplasm sources in forage yield, apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, or diffusive resistance”
e0“All the Arizona Salt Tolerant cycles and Mesa-Sirsa were evaluated for several mature plant characteristics under non-saline field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent photosynthesis, transpiration and diffusive resistance did not differ among alfalfa germplasm sources under non-saline field conditions.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Arizona Salt Tolerant cycles and Mesa-Sirsae0
- Outcome
- apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, or diffusive resistancee7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Setting
- non-saline field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e7“There were no significant differences among germplasm sources in forage yield, apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, or diffusive resistance”
e0“All the Arizona Salt Tolerant cycles and Mesa-Sirsa were evaluated for several mature plant characteristics under non-saline field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
No evidence was found that germination salt tolerance is related to salt tolerance at later growth stages in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- salt tolerance at later growth stagese0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Comparator
- germination salt tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e0“There was no evidence that germination salt tolerance is related to salt tolerance at later growth stages in alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance during germination and at later growth stages may be controlled by different physiological and genetic mechanisms in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Salt tolerance during germination and later growth stagese1
- Qualifier
- different physiological and genetic mechanismse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA”
e1“Salt tolerance during germination and later growth stages may be controlled by different physiological and genetic mechanisms”
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