Abstract
We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [ Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures. Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble toxins from dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leavese0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- alfalfa seedling development and growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth.”
e1“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Incubation time and temperature strongly interacted in formation of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- incubation time and temperaturee0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrasse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass.”
e1“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
After six weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number in quackgrass and soil extracts equaled that in water.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weekse0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- normal alfalfa seedling numbere0
- Direction
- equalede0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- incubation temperaturese0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.”
e1“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate treatment of quackgrass did not influence toxicity of its decaying leaves.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine]e0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- toxicity of decaying quackgrass leavese0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves.”
e1“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeds”
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