Abstract
Species of the genus Psychotria are used for multiple purposes in Brazilian folk medicine, either as water infusions, baths or poultices. This study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiproliferative effects of infusions of Psychotria brachypoda and P. birotula on the Allium cepa test. Exposure to distilled water was used as a negative control, while exposure to glyphosate was used as a positive control. The interaction of extracts (as a post-treatment) with the effects of glyphosate was also studied. Results showed that glyphosate and the extracts of both P. brachypoda and P. birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control (distilled water). Surprisingly, however, both extracts from P. brachypoda and P. birotula caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate when used as a post-treatment. Glyphosate also induced the highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations, which was followed by that of P. birotula extracts. However, the extracts from P. brachypoda did not show any significant genotoxic effect. Post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with distilled water allowed a partial recovery of the genotoxic effect of glyphosate, and some of the Psychotria extracts also did so. Notably, post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with P. brachypoda extracts induced a statistically significant apoptotic effect. It is concluded that P. brachypoda extracts show antiproliferative effects and are not genotoxic, while extracts of P. birotula show a less potent antiproliferative effect and may induce chromosomal abnormalities. The finding of a partial reversion of the effects of glyphosate by a post-treatment with extracts from both plants should be followed up.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
glyphosate reduced the Allium cepa mitotic index versus distilled water.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate and the extracts of both P. brachypoda and P. birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control (distilled water)”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. brachypoda reduced the Allium cepa mitotic index versus distilled water.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- P. brachypodae0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate and the extracts of both P. brachypoda and P. birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control (distilled water)”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. birotula reduced the Allium cepa mitotic index versus distilled water.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- P. birotulae0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate and the extracts of both P. brachypoda and P. birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control (distilled water)”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. brachypoda post-treatment partly reversed glyphosate antiproliferative effects.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- P. brachypodae0
- Outcome
- antiproliferative effect of glyphosatee0
- Direction
- partial reversale0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both extracts from P. brachypoda and P. birotula caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate when used as a post-treatment”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. birotula post-treatment partly reversed glyphosate antiproliferative effects.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- P. birotulae0
- Outcome
- antiproliferative effect of glyphosatee0
- Direction
- partial reversale0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both extracts from P. brachypoda and P. birotula caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate when used as a post-treatment”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate produced the highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- number of cells with chromosomal alterationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate also induced the highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations”
e1“negative control (distilled water)”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. birotula extract ranked second for cells with chromosomal alterations.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- P. birotula extractse0
- Outcome
- number of cells with chromosomal alterationse0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations, which was followed by that of P. birotula extracts”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. brachypoda extract showed no significant genotoxic effect.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- extracts from P. brachypodae0
- Outcome
- genotoxic effecte0
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extracts from P. brachypoda did not show any significant genotoxic effect”
e1“negative control (distilled water)”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
Distilled-water post-treatment partly reversed glyphosate genotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- distilled watere0
- Outcome
- genotoxic effect of glyphosatee0
- Direction
- partial recoverye0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-treated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with distilled water allowed a partial recovery of the genotoxic effect of glyphosate”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Psychotria extracts also partly reversed glyphosate genotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Psychotria extractse0
- Outcome
- genotoxic effect of glyphosatee0
- Direction
- partial recoverye0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-treated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with distilled water allowed a partial recovery of the genotoxic effect of glyphosate, and some of the Psychotria extracts also did so”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
P. brachypoda post-treatment induced a statistically significant apoptotic effect after glyphosate.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- P. brachypoda extractse0
- Outcome
- apoptotic effecte0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- glyphosate-treated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with P. brachypoda extracts induced a statistically significant apoptotic effect”
t0“Allium cepa test”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for follow-up on partial reversal of glyphosate effects by both plant extracts.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- should be followed upe0
- Qualifier
- partial reversion of the effects of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The finding of a partial reversion of the effects of glyphosate by a post-treatment with extracts from both plants should be followed up”
t0“Allium cepa test”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · cytology · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
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- negative
- negative
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25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 89 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.