Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen credit of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the nitrogen balance of soybean in soybean-barley cropping systems. Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system. The barley-soybean double cropping system was treated with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, 0 nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F0), and standard nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F1). Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased 4.8% and 5.9%, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000. The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were 69.1~88.2% in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot. The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were 83.9~86.7%. The yield was 270 ㎏/10a in BS-F1 plot and 215 ㎏/10a in BS-F0 plot. However, the nitrogen balances were +0.6 ㎏/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 ㎏/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot. In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot. Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system, and the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
BNF rate in soybean ranged 69.1~88.2% over two years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- BNF ratee1
- Value
- 69.1~88.2%e1
- Qualifier
- in two yearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e1“The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were 69.1~88.2% in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNF rate was highest in the BS-F0 plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- BS-F0 plote1
- Outcome
- BNF ratee1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e1“The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were 69.1~88.2% in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNF rate was lowest in the SM plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SM plote1
- Outcome
- BNF ratee1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e1“The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were 69.1~88.2% in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen harvest index ranged 83.9~86.7% in all treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen harvest indexe2
- Value
- 83.9~86.7%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e2“The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were 83.9~86.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was 270 kg/10a in the BS-F1 plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Value
- 270 ㎏/10ae3
- Qualifier
- BS-F1 plote3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e3“The yield was 270 ㎏/10a in BS-F1 plot and 215 ㎏/10a in BS-F0 plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was 215 kg/10a in the BS-F0 plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Value
- 215 ㎏/10ae3
- Qualifier
- BS-F0 plote3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e3“The yield was 270 ㎏/10a in BS-F1 plot and 215 ㎏/10a in BS-F0 plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen balance was +0.6 kg/10a gain of soil nitrogen in the BS-F0 plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen balancese4
- Value
- +0.6 ㎏/10ae4
- Qualifier
- gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plote4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e4“the nitrogen balances were +0.6 ㎏/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 ㎏/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen balance was -0.4 kg/10a loss of soil nitrogen in the BS-F1 plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen balancese4
- Value
- -0.4 ㎏/10ae4
- Qualifier
- loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plote4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e4“the nitrogen balances were +0.6 ㎏/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 ㎏/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen concentration in the BS-F1 plot increased 4.8% from October 2000 to October 2001.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Nitrogene5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 4.8%e5
- Qualifier
- in soil of BS-F1 plote5
- Comparator
- October, 2000e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e5“Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased 4.8% and 5.9%, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter concentration in the BS-F1 plot increased 5.9% from October 2000 to October 2001.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- organic mattere5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 5.9%e5
- Qualifier
- in soil of BS-F1 plote5
- Comparator
- October, 2000e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e5“Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased 4.8% and 5.9%, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of soil nitrogen was higher in soybean monocropping (SM) than in the BS-F1 plot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SMe6
- Outcome
- loss of soil nitrogene6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- BS-F1 plote6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e6“In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yields in SM and the BS-F1 plot were similar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e6“In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley-soybean double cropping was more effective than soybean monocropping for seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- barley-soybean double cropping systeme7
- Outcome
- seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservatione7
- Direction
- more effectivee7
- Comparator
- soybean monocropping systeme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e7“Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen credit to following crops was identified in the soybean double cropping system.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- N credit to following cropse6
- Qualifier
- soybean double cropping systeme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley-soybean double cropping system.”
e6“the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system”
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