Abstract
The results of two seasons' work on soil water content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET), total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI) of crops under different row spacing (RS), as well as possible ways to improve water utilization, have been reported. Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Shandong Agricultural University (36°09'N, 117°09'E) in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. Four types of RS were treated under two different water conditions (rainfed and irrigated) and set up in a randomized plot design. RS did not exhibit any obvious effects on SWC during the study period. SWC was enhanced evidently by irrigation, especially in the 10-60 cm soil layer. Irrigation increased the ET of crop. At the seeding-jointing stage, the ET of RS14 was significantly higher than those during other treatments (P < 0.05). Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI. There were significantly negative correlations between TDM and RS (P < 0.05). The HI of the rainfed crop was higher than that of the irrigated crop. Results showed that high yields of wheat could be achieved in northern China by reducing RS under uniform planting density conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Row spacing had no obvious effect on soil water content.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- RSe0
- Outcome
- SWCe0
- Direction
- did not exhibit any obvious effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RS did not exhibit any obvious effects on SWC during the study period”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased soil water content, especially at 10-60 cm.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- SWCe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 10-60 cm soil layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SWC was enhanced evidently by irrigation, especially in the 10-60 cm soil layer”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased crop evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- ETe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased the ET of crop”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At seeding to jointing, RS14 had higher ET than other row spacings.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seeding-jointing stagee0
- Treatment
- RS14e0
- Outcome
- ETe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the seeding-jointing stage, the ET of RS14 was significantly higher than those during other treatments (P < 0.05)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased total dry matter.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- TDMe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation decreased water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation decreased harvest index.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- HIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter declined with wider row spacing.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- RSe0
- Outcome
- TDMe0
- Direction
- negative correlationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significantly negative correlations between TDM and RS (P < 0.05)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that narrower rows can give high wheat yields in northern China.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- reducing RSe0
- Outcome
- high yieldse0
- Setting
- northern Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high yields of wheat could be achieved in northern China by reducing RS under uniform planting density conditions”
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