Abstract
SummaryTwo levels of humidity, high, 0.1 kPa vapour pressure deficit (vpd) and control 0.5 kPa vpd, and four nutrient feed K/Ca mM ratios (4/7, 10/7, 4/2 and 10/2) were applied in all factorial combinations to a nine-week old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop for 63 d. The effect on gas exchange, water relations, vegetative growth, yield and accumulation of Ca and K in the shoot was examined. High humidity had a deleterious effect on leaf expansion, delayed truss and fruit maturity and reduced fruit yield. Water uptake was reduced and the Ca concentration of leaf and fruit tissue was increased under high humidity compared with plants grown under control humidity; K accumulation was unaffected. The accumulation of K and Ca in the shoot appeared to be poorly related to the rate of transpiration. The high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feed had little effect on vegetative growth and yield compared with the low (4/7 mM), but restricted Ca uptake to the fruits at both the high and the control humidity. During the measurement period, 0900–1300 hours, stomatal conductance and leaf water status remained high at elevated humidity, compared with a progressive reduction in leaf water status and low stomatal conductance in the control humidity. A/ci gas exchange analysis where A is the net CO2 assimilation rate and ci is the intercellular partial pressure of CO2 suggested that, at high humidity, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves was reduced because of a lower in vivo carboxylation efficiency. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for reduced leaf expansion remains unclear. The complex interrelations between physiological responses, leaf expansion and the uptake and distribution of K and Ca to the shoot, are discussed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity impaired tomato leaf expansion.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- High humiditye0
- Outcome
- leaf expansione0
- Direction
- deleteriouse0
- Comparator
- control 0.5 kPa vpde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“High humidity had a deleterious effect on leaf expansion”
e1“control 0.5 kPa vpd”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity delayed tomato truss and fruit maturity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High humiditye0
- Outcome
- truss and fruit maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- control 0.5 kPa vpde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“High humidity had a deleterious effect on leaf expansion, delayed truss and fruit maturity”
e1“control 0.5 kPa vpd”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity reduced tomato fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High humiditye0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control 0.5 kPa vpde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“High humidity had a deleterious effect on leaf expansion, delayed truss and fruit maturity and reduced fruit yield”
e1“control 0.5 kPa vpd”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity reduced tomato water uptake.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high humiditye0
- Outcome
- Water uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Water uptake was reduced and the Ca concentration of leaf and fruit tissue was increased under high humidity compared with plants grown under control humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
High humidity increased calcium concentration in tomato leaf and fruit tissue.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high humiditye0
- Outcome
- Ca concentration of leaf and fruit tissuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“the Ca concentration of leaf and fruit tissue was increased under high humidity compared with plants grown under control humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Humidity left tomato potassium accumulation unaffected.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high humiditye1
- Outcome
- K accumulatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Comparator
- control humiditye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“K accumulation was unaffected”
e1“under high humidity compared with plants grown under control humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot potassium and calcium accumulation were poorly related to transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- accumulation of K and Ca in the shoote0
- Qualifier
- poorly related to the rate of transpiratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The accumulation of K and Ca in the shoot appeared to be poorly related to the rate of transpiration”
Claim · model-written summary
A high K/Ca feed ratio had little effect on vegetative growth relative to a low ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feede0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- low (4/7 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feed had little effect on vegetative growth and yield compared with the low (4/7 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
A high K/Ca feed ratio had little effect on yield relative to a low ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feede0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- low (4/7 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feed had little effect on vegetative growth and yield compared with the low (4/7 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
The high K/Ca ratio restricted calcium uptake into fruits under both humidity treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feede0
- Outcome
- Ca uptake to the fruitse0
- Direction
- restrictede0
- Qualifier
- at both the high and the control humiditye0
- Comparator
- low (4/7 mM)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The high (10/2 mM) K/Ca ratio nutrient feed had little effect on vegetative growth and yield compared with the low (4/7 mM), but restricted Ca uptake to the fruits at both the high and the control humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
At elevated humidity, tomato stomatal conductance stayed high during the measurement period.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated humiditye0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- remained highe0
- Qualifier
- 0900–1300 hourse0
- Comparator
- control humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“During the measurement period, 0900–1300 hours, stomatal conductance and leaf water status remained high at elevated humidity, compared with a progressive reduction in leaf water status and low stomatal conductance in the control humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
At elevated humidity, tomato leaf water status stayed high while declining progressively under control humidity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated humiditye0
- Outcome
- leaf water statuse0
- Direction
- remained highe0
- Qualifier
- 0900–1300 hourse0
- Comparator
- control humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“During the measurement period, 0900–1300 hours, stomatal conductance and leaf water status remained high at elevated humidity, compared with a progressive reduction in leaf water status and low stomatal conductance in the control humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Gas exchange analysis suggested reduced photosynthetic capacity at high humidity due to lower in vivo carboxylation efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high humiditye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacity of the leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- lower in vivo carboxylation efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“at high humidity, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves was reduced because of a lower in vivo carboxylation efficiency”
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