Abstract
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D has been registered as a fall applied treatment for leafy spurge control in pasture and rangeland. Research data are limited concerning weed control and potential grass injury with glyphosate in pasture and rangeland. Members of the Great Plains Agricultural Conference (GPAC) established a regional research project to evaluate various formulations of glyphosate plus 2,4-D for leafy spurge control and grass injury. The experiment was established in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming in dense stands of leafy spurge with several grass species present (Table 1). Treatments were applied on or near August 15 or September 15, 1989 using 8 to 20 gpa at 35 psi. Plots were 10 by 30 feet and treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design at all locations. Leafy spurge control and grass injury varied by location and treatment date. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A provided an average of 79% leafy spurge control when applied in September in Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota but only 63 and 13% control in Montana and Wyoming, respectively, 9 months after treatment (MAT) (Table 2). However, grass injury also was higher in Colorado and the Dakotas and averaged 77% compared to no injury in Montana and Wyoming. Leafy spurge control and grass injury was higher when treatments were applied in September compared to August at all locations except Montana. Leafy spurge control was similar 9 MAT when glyphosate at 0.38 lb/A was applied with 2,4-D at 0.34 or 0.65 lb/A or with dicamba at 0.172 lb/A (Table 2). Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba provided better leafy spurge control than glyphosate alone when applied in August, but control was similar when applied in September. Piclo-
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A gave an average of 79% leafy spurge control when applied in September in Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota.
- Taxon
- leafy spurge
Euphorbia esulae1 - Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/Ae1
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle1
- Direction
- providede1
- Value
- 79%e1
- Qualifier
- when applied in Septembere1
- Setting
- Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakotae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A provided an average of 79% leafy spurge control when applied in September in Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control in Montana was only 63 at 9 months after treatment with glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae1
- Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/Ae1
- Outcome
- controle2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 63e2
- Qualifier
- 9 months after treatment (MAT)e2
- Setting
- Montanae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A provided an average of 79% leafy spurge control when applied in September in Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota”
e2“but only 63 and 13% control in Montana and Wyoming, respectively, 9 months after treatment (MAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control in Wyoming was only 13% at 9 months after treatment with glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae1
- Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/Ae1
- Outcome
- controle2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 13%e2
- Qualifier
- 9 months after treatment (MAT)e2
- Setting
- Wyominge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A provided an average of 79% leafy spurge control when applied in September in Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota”
e2“but only 63 and 13% control in Montana and Wyoming, respectively, 9 months after treatment (MAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass injury with glyphosate plus 2,4-D averaged 77% in Colorado and the Dakotas, compared with no injury in Montana and Wyoming.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment was established in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming in dense stands of leafy spurge with several grass species present”
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.38 plus 0.65 lb/A provided an average of 79% leafy spurge control when applied in September in Colorado, North Dakota and South Dakota”
e3“grass injury also was higher in Colorado and the Dakotas and averaged 77% compared to no injury in Montana and Wyoming”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control was higher when treatments were applied in September than in August at all locations except Montana.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae4
- Treatment
- applied in Septembere4
- Outcome
- Leafy spurge controle4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- Auguste4
- Setting
- all locations except Montanae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment was established in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming in dense stands of leafy spurge with several grass species present”
e4“Leafy spurge control and grass injury was higher when treatments were applied in September compared to August at all locations except Montana”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass injury was higher when treatments were applied in September than in August at all locations except Montana.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment was established in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming in dense stands of leafy spurge with several grass species present”
e4“Leafy spurge control and grass injury was higher when treatments were applied in September compared to August at all locations except Montana”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control was similar at 9 months after treatment when glyphosate at 0.38 lb/A was applied with 2,4-D at 0.34 or 0.65 lb/A or with dicamba at 0.172 lb/A.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae5
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 0.38 lb/A was applied with 2,4-D at 0.34 or 0.65 lb/A or with dicamba at 0.172 lb/Ae5
- Outcome
- Leafy spurge controle5
- Direction
- similare5
- Qualifier
- 9 MATe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Leafy spurge control was similar 9 MAT when glyphosate at 0.38 lb/A was applied with 2,4-D at 0.34 or 0.65 lb/A or with dicamba at 0.172 lb/A”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba gave better leafy spurge control than glyphosate alone when applied in August.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae6
- Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicambae6
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Qualifier
- when applied in Auguste6
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba provided better leafy spurge control than glyphosate alone when applied in August, but control was similar when applied in September”
Claim · model-written summary
When applied in September, leafy spurge control with glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba was similar to glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae6
- Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicambae6
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle6
- Direction
- similare6
- Qualifier
- when applied in Septembere6
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D or glyphosate plus dicamba provided better leafy spurge control than glyphosate alone when applied in August, but control was similar when applied in September”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →dicamba · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
glyphosate · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.