Abstract
Anthracnose is an important disease of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Brazil and worldwide. This research investigated the efficacy of plant extracts for control of this disease in bell pepper fruits caused by Colletotrichum acutatum under controlled conditions and analyzed the best treatments in relation to different extract and inoculum concentrations, pathogen isolates, and temperatures. In the preliminary screening, among aqueous or ethanolic extracts of 16 plant species evaluated, the best were 6% aqueous garlic, mallow, and ginger extracts, which reduced disease severity by more than 97%. Garlic extract required the highest concentrations to reduce severity by 75% (CL75) when compared to ginger and mallow extracts, but exhibited the best efficacy in relation to different inoculum concentrations and isolates of C. acutatum. It was also able to maintain greater than 90% efficacy at 20-30oC. The garlic aqueous extract effectively controlled anthracnose caused by C. acutatum in bell pepper fruits under controlled conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Six-percent aqueous garlic extract reduced anthracnose severity by more than 97% in bell pepper fruit.
- Taxon
- bell peppert0
- Treatment
- 6% aqueous garlice0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum acutatum
Colletotrichum acutatume1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best were 6% aqueous garlic, mallow, and ginger extracts, which reduced disease severity by more than 97%”
t0“bell pepper fruits”
e1“caused by Colletotrichum acutatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-percent aqueous mallow extract reduced anthracnose severity by more than 97% in bell pepper fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the best were 6% aqueous garlic, mallow, and ginger extracts, which reduced disease severity by more than 97%”
t0“bell pepper fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-percent aqueous ginger extract reduced anthracnose severity by more than 97% in bell pepper fruit.
- Taxon
- bell peppert0
- Treatment
- ginger extractse0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the best were 6% aqueous garlic, mallow, and ginger extracts, which reduced disease severity by more than 97%”
t0“bell pepper fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract needed higher concentrations than ginger and mallow extracts for 75% severity reduction.
Verbatim
e0“Garlic extract required the highest concentrations to reduce severity by 75% (CL75) when compared to ginger and mallow extracts”
t0“bell pepper fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract had the best efficacy across inoculum concentrations and C. acutatum isolates.
- Taxon
- bell peppert0
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte1
- Interactor
- C. acutatumColletotrichum acutatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited the best efficacy in relation to different inoculum concentrations and isolates of C. acutatum”
t0“bell pepper fruits”
e1“Garlic extract required the highest concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract retained greater than 90% efficacy at 20-30oC.
Verbatim
e0“It was also able to maintain greater than 90% efficacy at 20-30oC”
t0“bell pepper fruits”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · disease · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.