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“yield decrease”

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1990 2000 ’10 ’20

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Taxon: bell pepper ✕

Taxon groups are the verbatim names found in the abstracts (case-insensitive), not normalised: maize, corn and Zea mays are separate groups here. The Organism view merges them through NCBI Taxonomy.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher yield at 15 cm for 30 minutes was associated with a 16% decrease in tissue calcium concentration.

Taxon: Bell Peppert0
Treatment: flooded to a depth of 15 cm for 30 minutese0
Outcome: Ca concentration in the plant tissuee0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: −16%e0
Qualifier: higher yielde0

Verbatim

t0
“Bell Pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–102

e0
“The higher yield of subirrigated plants flooded to a depth of 15 cm for 30 minutes was associated with a decrease in Ca concentration in the plant tissue (−16%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1021–1181

Title

Depth and Duration of Flooding Affect Growth, Yield, and Mineral Nutrition of Subirrigated Bell Pepper

Juana C. García-Santiago; Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar; Armando Hernández-Pérez; et al. HortScience 2017. doi:10.21273/hortsci11389-16

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Bell pepper fruit number under 15 cm flooding for 30 minutes was comparable to drip-fertigated plants.
Intervention effect Bell pepper yield under 15 cm flooding for 30 minutes was comparable to drip fertigation.
Intervention effect Subirrigation increased electrical conductivity in the upper growing-medium layers.
Intervention effect Medium electrical conductivity was up to 50% lower at 15 cm for 30 minutes.
Intervention effect Subirrigated plants had 47% more nitrogen than drip-fertigated plants.
Intervention effect Subirrigated plants had 44% more phosphorus than drip-fertigated plants.
Intervention effect Subirrigated plants had 44% more potassium than drip-fertigated plants.
Intervention effect Subirrigated plants had 17% more calcium than drip-fertigated plants.
Intervention effect Subirrigated plants had 60% more magnesium than drip-fertigated plants.
Intervention effect Subirrigated plants had 76% more sulfur than drip-fertigated plants.
Recommendation The authors consider subirrigation feasible for bell pepper when flooding depth and duration are considered.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield of fruit with blossom-end rot tended to decrease with calcium rate.

Taxon: Bell Peppert0
Treatment: calciume0
Outcome: yield of fruit with blossom-end rote0
Direction: decreasinge0
Qualifier: a trende0

Verbatim

t0
“Bell Pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–46

e0
“There was a trend to decreasing yield of fruit with blossom-end rot as calcium rate increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 860–953

Title

Amelioration of Blossom-end Rot of Bell Pepper by Rowcovers and Supplemental Calcium

George H. Clough; Shara E. Alexander HortScience 1997. doi:10.21273/hortsci.32.3.530b

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Rowcovers increased marketable yields at first harvest and over the season.
Intervention effect Rowcovers reduced blossom-end rot.
Intervention effect Rowcovers reduced sunscald.
Association Fancy grade pepper yield at first harvest rose linearly with calcium rate.
Association Season total fancy grade yield rose linearly with calcium rate.
Association First harvest total marketable yield increased with calcium rate.
Association Percent blossom-end rot fruit at first harvest decreased linearly with calcium rate.
Association First harvest sunscald fruit yield decreased linearly with calcium rate.
Intervention effect Either supplemental calcium rate reduced overall sunscald fruit yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low tunnels did not decrease pepper sunscald.

Taxon: Bell Peppert0
Treatment: low tunnels for two weeks after transplantinge1
Outcome: sunscalde0
Direction: did not increase yield or decreasee0
Comparator: plants not grown under low tunnelse0

Verbatim

e0
“they did not increase yield or decrease sunscald compared to plants not grown under low tunnels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1209–1304

e1
“plants grown under low tunnels for two weeks after transplanting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1123–1187

t0
“Bell Pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–74

Title

Biological and Mechanical Approaches to Sunscald Management in Bell Pepper Production

Day, Samuel D. Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) 2021. doi:10.26076/9131-577c

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Two weeks of low tunnels produced larger pepper canopies.
Intervention effect Low tunnels did not increase pepper yield.
Intervention effect Vertical shade with low tunnels increased pepper yield most effectively.
Intervention effect Vertical shade with low tunnels decreased sunscald most effectively.
Observation Vertical shade protected exposed fruit at lower solar elevations.
Observation Increased canopy shade protected fruit at high solar elevations.
Intervention effect Horizontal shade completely eliminated sunscald.
Intervention effect Horizontal shade produced the largest yields of high quality fruit.
Observation Increased yields and larger fruit value offset supplemental shade costs.
Association Sunlight above 550 W·m-2 raised pepper fruit surface temperature to damaging levels.
Association Wind decreased pepper fruit surface temperature.
Association Moderate wind of 3.0 m·s-1 did not lower fruit temperature below damaging levels.
Recommendation Growers should use supplemental shade above 550 W·m-2 solar radiation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The stepped canopy did not decrease fruit weight.

Taxon: bell peppert0
Treatment: stepped arrangementt1
Outcome: weighte0
Direction: without decreasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a higher fruit set per plant, without decreasing its weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 892–951

t0
“bell pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–66

t1
“stepped arrangement”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 774–793

Title

Effect of plant row arrangement on yield components of bell pepper

Universidad Autónoma Chapingo; Felipe Sánchez-del Castillo; Esaú del Carmen Moreno-Pérez; et al. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 2017. doi:10.5154/r.rchsh.2017.02.008

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect A stepped canopy increased bell pepper yield per area relative to a uniform arrangement.
Intervention effect A stepped canopy produced higher fruit set per plant.
Intervention effect Under stepped arrangement, increasing density from 6 to 8 plants per square metre did not boost yield.
Observation Maximum yield was 12 kg per square metre at 6 plants per square metre over four months.
Recommendation The authors suggest three crop cycles per year and higher annual yield than current greenhouse systems.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf calcium and magnesium decreased.

Taxon: Bell peppert0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Outcome: calcium and magnesiume0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“A decrease in calcium and magnesium detected in leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1204–1258

t0
“Bell Pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 48–59

Title

Supplementary Potassium Sustains Fruit Yield in Bell Pepper under High Ammonium Nutrition

Elvia Hernández-Gómez; Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar; Ana M. Castillo-González; et al. HortScience 2013. doi:10.21273/hortsci.48.12.1530

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Bell pepper tolerated moderate ammonium proportions.
Intervention effect Higher ammonium proportions reduced growth.
Intervention effect Higher potassium concentrations did not ameliorate vegetative growth.
Intervention effect Potassium at 9 m m sustained yield with 50% of nitrogen as ammonium.
Observation Shoot:root ratio and harvest index decreased, indicating relatively less shoot and fruit biomass accumulation.
Observation Ammonium concentration was lower in roots than leaves.
Intervention effect High ammonium and increased potassium raised fruit ethylene production, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity.
Intervention effect High ammonium and increased potassium raised fruit carotenoids.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water stress significantly decreased nitrogen absorption by the plant (54%).

Taxon: Bell Peppert0
Treatment: Water stresse0
Outcome: nitrogen absorptione0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 54%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Water stress led to a drastic reduction of the total above-ground dry biomass (40%) and a significant decrease of nitrogen absorption by the plant (54%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1817–1969

t0
“Bell Pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 56–67

Title

Yield Traits and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Bell Pepper Grown in Plastic-Greenhouse

Vincenzo Candido; Vito Miccolis; Anna Rita Rivelli Italian Journal of Agronomy 2009. doi:10.4081/ija.2009.3.91

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect The highest bell pepper yield in both years came from combining 100% restitution of ETc with 200 kg N ha-1.
Observation Marketable yield of bell pepper was 37 t ha-1 in 1998.
Observation Marketable yield of bell pepper was 72 t ha-1 in 1999.
Intervention effect The second-year yield doubling was probably due to earlier transplantation and plastic mulching.
Intervention effect Water deficit imposed from late flowering to early fruit set reduced marketable yield by up to 44%.
Intervention effect Peppers grown under water stress were richer in dry matter and soluble solids.
Association The yield decline due to water deficit varied with the N dose, with numerous irrigation by nitrogen interactions.
Intervention effect Without nitrogen fertilization the quantity and quality of the fruits remained unchanged.
Intervention effect The maximum N dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effect of water deficit on the number of marketable peppers, at -52%.
Intervention effect The maximum N dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effect of water deficit on the weight of marketable peppers, at -161%.
Observation Waste peppers reached 31% of total production by weight.
Observation Over 21% of peppers were affected by blossom-end rot.
Intervention effect Water stress drastically reduced total above-ground dry biomass (40%).
Intervention effect Water stress gave lower Harvest Index values, with preferential translocation of nitrogen towards stems and leaves.
Observation Above-ground dry matter water use efficiency (AGWUE) remained unchanged.
Observation Total yield water use efficiency (TYWUE) and marketable yield water use efficiency (MYWUE) decreased.
Intervention effect A nitrogen dose of 200 kg ha-1 maximized pepper yield and quality, with and without water stress.
Intervention effect Water and nitrogen use efficiency values were maximal under the 200 kg N ha-1 condition.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Decreased fruit number can reduce average fruit weight.

Taxon: Bell peppert0
Outcome: average weight of the fruite0
Direction: reducee0
Qualifier: a decrease in the number of fruite0

Verbatim

e0
“But a decrease in the number of fruit can reduce the average weight of the fruit.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1360–1441

t0
“Bell pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–105

Title

The impact of deficit irrigation and salinity stress on physiological parameters and yield of Bell pepper in greenhouse by smart drip irrigation system

Mohammad Salarian; Amim Alizadeh; Karan Davary; et al. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage 2017

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Salinity and deficit irrigation significantly affected yield, fruit number and fruit weight.
Intervention effect The interaction of salinity and deficit irrigation affected fruit yield at the 5% level.
Intervention effect The interaction of salinity and deficit irrigation did not significantly affect fruit number.
Mechanism The authors interpret low fruit number as unable to explain reduced performance.
Intervention effect Increasing salinity and lack of irrigation decreased leaf chlorophyll.
Intervention effect Leaf stomatal conductance declined with increased salinity and lower irrigation, without significant treatment differences.
Intervention effect Low irrigation and salinity reduced water use.
Intervention effect Smart irrigation systems produced remarkable water savings.
Intervention effect Limited irrigation and salinity reduced fresh and dry weights of leaves and roots.
Intervention effect Limited irrigation and salinity reduced the percentage of water content in roots and leaves.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low tunnels did not increase pepper yield.

Taxon: Bell Peppert0
Treatment: low tunnels for two weeks after transplantinge1
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: did not increasee0
Comparator: plants not grown under low tunnelse0

Verbatim

e0
“they did not increase yield or decrease sunscald compared to plants not grown under low tunnels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1209–1304

e1
“plants grown under low tunnels for two weeks after transplanting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1123–1187

t0
“Bell Pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–74

Title

Biological and Mechanical Approaches to Sunscald Management in Bell Pepper Production

Day, Samuel D. Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) 2021. doi:10.26076/9131-577c

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Two weeks of low tunnels produced larger pepper canopies.
Intervention effect Low tunnels did not decrease pepper sunscald.
Intervention effect Vertical shade with low tunnels increased pepper yield most effectively.
Intervention effect Vertical shade with low tunnels decreased sunscald most effectively.
Observation Vertical shade protected exposed fruit at lower solar elevations.
Observation Increased canopy shade protected fruit at high solar elevations.
Intervention effect Horizontal shade completely eliminated sunscald.
Intervention effect Horizontal shade produced the largest yields of high quality fruit.
Observation Increased yields and larger fruit value offset supplemental shade costs.
Association Sunlight above 550 W·m-2 raised pepper fruit surface temperature to damaging levels.
Association Wind decreased pepper fruit surface temperature.
Association Moderate wind of 3.0 m·s-1 did not lower fruit temperature below damaging levels.
Recommendation Growers should use supplemental shade above 550 W·m-2 solar radiation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 decreased powdery mildew disease in Indra by 77.1% in Kharif.

Taxon: bell peppert0
Material: Indrae0
Treatment: T5e0
Outcome: powdery mildew diseasee0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 77.1e0
Qualifier: Kharife1
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“T5 was best in controlling the powdery mildew disease in genotype Indra by 77.1 and 73.7% of disease decrease over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–586

e1
“during Kharif and Rabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 650–672

t0
“bell pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–34

Title

RAPD analysis of local bell pepper genotypes in relation with powdery mildew incidence and fruit yield: Managing disease by single chemical molecule

A. Manoj Kumar; Kalpana N. Reddy; Luke Simon; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2008. doi:10.1080/03235400701539499

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect T5 decreased powdery mildew disease in Indra by 73.7% in Rabi.
Intervention effect T5 increased Indra yield by 85.3% in Kharif.
Intervention effect T5 increased Indra yield by 95.7% in Rabi.
Observation Arka Basant had low disease incidence and high yield.
Observation California Wonder had low disease incidence and high yield.
Observation Indra and Arka Gaurav showed 49% genetic dissimilarity.
Observation Arka Mohini and California Wonder showed 21% genetic diversity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T5 decreased powdery mildew disease in Indra by 73.7% in Rabi.

Taxon: bell peppert0
Material: Indrae0
Treatment: T5e0
Outcome: powdery mildew diseasee0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 73.7%e0
Qualifier: Rabie1
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“T5 was best in controlling the powdery mildew disease in genotype Indra by 77.1 and 73.7% of disease decrease over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–586

e1
“during Kharif and Rabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 650–672

t0
“bell pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–34

Title

RAPD analysis of local bell pepper genotypes in relation with powdery mildew incidence and fruit yield: Managing disease by single chemical molecule

A. Manoj Kumar; Kalpana N. Reddy; Luke Simon; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2008. doi:10.1080/03235400701539499

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect T5 decreased powdery mildew disease in Indra by 77.1% in Kharif.
Intervention effect T5 increased Indra yield by 85.3% in Kharif.
Intervention effect T5 increased Indra yield by 95.7% in Rabi.
Observation Arka Basant had low disease incidence and high yield.
Observation California Wonder had low disease incidence and high yield.
Observation Indra and Arka Gaurav showed 49% genetic dissimilarity.
Observation Arka Mohini and California Wonder showed 21% genetic diversity.

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“yield decrease”

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