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“yield decrease”

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paper W4409889375 ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: biological yielde0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: oil yielde0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: stem diametere0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: number of leaves per plante0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: number of heads per plante0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of seeds per head relative to control.

Taxon: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: Increasing the concentration of smoke watere0
Outcome: number of seeds per heade0
Direction: increasese0
Comparator: control groupe0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing the concentration of smoke water resulted in significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, biological yield, grain yield, oil yield, and stem diameter in comparison to the control group, except for a decrease in leaf temperature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1163

t0
“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 124–159

Title

The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Plant-Derived Smoke in Different Stages of Growth on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Douaa Heydar Mehdi; Saeed Jalali Honarmand Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.22194/jgias/25.1634

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of leaves per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased number of heads per plant relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased biological yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased grain yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration increased stem diameter relative to control.
Intervention effect Increasing smoke water concentration decreased leaf temperature relative to control.
Intervention effect Smoke at multiple growth stages had a more positive effect than single stage applications.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest grain yield.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil percentage.
Intervention effect Applying 1.5 L/ha smoke across three stages produced the highest oil yield.

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“yield decrease”

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