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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Removing 50% of the ear significantly decreased grain numbers but increased 1000-grain weight.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Treatment: removal of 50% of eare0
Outcome: grains in the corn and the number of grains per square metere0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“removal of 50% of ear due to significant decrease of grains in the corn and the number of grains per square meter in spite of the increase of the weight of 1000-grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1265–1431

Title

The effect of source-sink restriction and plant density changes on the role of assimilate remobilization in corn grain yield.

Fatemeh Falihzade; Mani Mojadam; Shahram Lack International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS) 2013

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Source-sink restriction and density significantly affected photosynthesis and assimilate remobilization rate, contribution and efficiency.
Observation The untreated control had the highest grain yield, 868.67 g/m 2.
Observation Removing 50% of the ear gave the lowest grain yield, 646.33 g/m 2.
Intervention effect Removing 50% of the ear increased 1000-grain weight.
Observation Ear removal produced the lowest remobilization rate and contribution, 9.9%.
Observation Defoliating upper leaves produced the highest remobilization rate and contribution, 39.31%.
Observation Upper-leaf defoliation significantly decreased photosynthesis contribution to 60.69%.
Intervention effect Increasing density significantly increased grain yield.
Intervention effect Increasing density increased grains per square meter and 1000-grain weight.
Intervention effect Increasing density decreased grains per ear.
Observation At 90000 plants per hectare, grain yield was highest at 886.33 g/m 2.
Observation At 90000 plants per hectare, photosynthesis contribution was lowest at 71.74%.
Observation At 90000 plants per hectare, remobilization contribution was highest at 28.26%.
Observation Upper-leaf defoliation at 90000 plants per hectare gave the highest remobilization contribution, 43.37%.
Observation Upper-leaf defoliation at 90000 plants per hectare gave the lowest photosynthesis contribution, 56.63%.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

These growth measures first rose then fell with nitrogen under W3.

Taxon: WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
Treatment: increasing nitrogen applicatione0
Outcome: Vine length, stem diameter, and dry matter accumulatione0
Direction: initial increase followed by a decreasee0
Qualifier: W3 conditione0

Verbatim

e0
“Vine length, stem diameter, and dry matter accumulation increased with increasing nitrogen application under the W1 and W2 irrigation levels, but exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease under the W3 condition.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 742–964

t0
“Watermelon”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 101–111

Title

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Yield, Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Drip-Irrigated Watermelon Under Organic Fertilizer Application

Yufei Wu; Muhammad S. Ahmed; Shengnan Zhang; et al. Horticulturae 2026. doi:10.3390/horticulturae12010105

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect W2N2 produced the highest watermelon yield of 64,617.59 kg·ha−1.
Association Vine length, stem diameter and dry matter rose with nitrogen under W1 and W2.
Intervention effect W1N3 increased central sugar content by 15.69% versus CK.
Intervention effect W1N1 increased vitamin C accumulation by 49.88% over CK.
Observation Total water consumption ranged from 362.12 to 493.92 mm.
Intervention effect W1N3 gave maximum water use efficiency of 21.94 kg·m−3.
Intervention effect W1N3 gave maximum irrigation water use efficiency of 35.05 kg·m−3.
Intervention effect W3N1 gave the highest nitrogen partial factor productivity of 239.33 kg·kg−1.
Method / resource TOPSIS rated W1N3 highest in relative closeness, at 0.669.
Recommendation The authors identified W1N3 as the optimal water–nitrogen combination.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Longer delay after irrigation decreased root yield and juice impurities except potassium.

Taxon: SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
Treatment: 20 and 30 dayse1
Outcome: root yield and juice impuritiese0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Qualifier: except potassiume0
Comparator: 10 dayse1

Verbatim

t0
“SUGAR BEET”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 84–94

e0
“However, root yield and juice impurities (except potassium) had a vice versa trend.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 579–662

e1
“Prolonging the period between last irrigation and harvest (ceasing time) from 10 days to 20 and 30 days gradually increased most technochemical parameters and sugar yield (t/f).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 401–578

Title

EFFECT OF AGRO-PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON TECHNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF SUGAR BEET UNDER EL-MINIA GOVERNORATE ENVIRONMENT

SABRY M. ALLAM; HOUSEN FERWEEZ; SAMER Y. BESHEIT Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 2006. doi:10.21608/ejar.2006.232139

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Longer delay after irrigation increased technochemical parameters.
Intervention effect Longer delay after irrigation increased sugar yield.
Association Longer postharvest delay increased losses of productivity traits and technochemical parameters.
Intervention effect Open air storage increased deterioration compared with coverage by tops.
Recommendation The authors recommend harvesting 30 days after last irrigation.
Recommendation The authors recommend processing beet soon after harvest.
Recommendation The authors allow processing delay of two days if beet is covered by tops.
Intervention effect Harvesting 30 days after irrigation decreased stored beet deterioration.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizosphere bacterial quantity and diversity first rose then fell as cropping duration increased.

Taxon: Tussilago farfara L.Tussilago farfarat0
Treatment: duration of consecutive croppinge0
Outcome: quantity and diversity of bacteria in the rhizosphere soile0
Direction: initially increase and then decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“As the duration of consecutive cropping increases, the quantity and diversity of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil initially increase and then decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 957–1107

t0
“Tussilago farfara L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–43

Title

Continuous Cropping of Tussilago farfara L. Has a Significant Impact on the Yield and Quality of Its Flower Buds, and Physicochemical Properties and the Microbial Communities of Rhizosphere Soil

Zhenbin Huang; Xia Wang; Liangshuai Fan; et al. Life 2025. doi:10.3390/life15030404

Other claims from this paper (7)

Association Flower bud yield decreased with longer continuous cropping.
Association Extract, tussilagone and total flavonoid contents decreased with cropping duration.
Association Soil pH, organic matter, available nutrients and three enzyme activities decreased.
Association The number of fungal species increased 22.5%.
Association Beneficial Ralstonia, Nitrospira and Trichoderma declined with continuous cropping.
Association Harmful Mortierella, Fusarium and Tricharina accumulated significantly.
Association Microbial community changes were associated with plant growth and soil quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Extended light increased all reproductive units in groundnut.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment: imposition of lighte0
Outcome: reproductive unitse0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“groundnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 32–41

e0
“Due to imposition of light all of reproductive units increased but decrease number of pods and pod yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 860–965

Title

Reproductive development of two groundnut cultivars as influenced by boron and light

Md. Quamruzzaman; Md. Jafar Ullah; Md. Fazlul Karim; et al. Information Processing in Agriculture 2017. doi:10.1016/j.inpa.2017.12.004

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Boron increased groundnut reproductive development.
Intervention effect Boron increased groundnut yield.
Intervention effect Boron increased groundnut shelling percentage.
Intervention effect Extended light decreased groundnut pod number.
Intervention effect Extended light decreased groundnut pod yield.
Observation BARI Chinabadam-8 had the highest reproductive units among the tested cultivars.
Observation BARI Chinabadam-8 had the highest yield among the tested cultivars.
Recommendation The authors recommend boron application to improve reproductive development of BARI Chinabadam-8, without extended light.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rejuvenating pruning increased yield for most varieties in the third or fourth year, then yield decreased.

Taxon: honeysucklee1
Treatment: Rejuvenating pruning with the removal of perennial branches at a height of 30 cm from the soil levele0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: increasee0
Qualifier: third or fourth yeare0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Rejuvenating pruning with the removal of perennial branches at a height of 30 cm from the soil level showed that most varieties had an increase in yield in the third or fourth year, and a decrease in the future.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1522–1733

e1
“honeysuckle showed good winter hardiness”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–879

Title

Evaluation of the nature of honeysuckle fruiting in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan

V. M. Zaripova Agrarian science 2023. doi:10.32634/0869-8155-2023-372-7-107-111

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation All studied honeysuckle varieties showed high adaptation to the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan.
Observation Honeysuckle showed good winter hardiness.
Observation Honeysuckle began fruiting in the fourth year after planting.
Observation Honeysuckle yield increased through years six to eight.
Observation Honeysuckle yield stabilized from years nine to twelve.
Observation Honeysuckle yield decreased from year thirteen.
Observation Bakcharskaya, Chelyabinka, Cinderella, Berel and Pamiati Gidzyuka showed average precocity.
Observation Bakcharskaya yield exceeded the control by 13–20% in the eleventh fruiting year.
Observation Chelyabinka yield exceeded the control by 13–20% in the eleventh fruiting year.
Observation Berel yield exceeded the control by 13–20% in the eleventh fruiting year.
Observation Blueberry and Tick showed stable fruiting, with yields of 1.32–4.5 kg/bush.
Observation Blue spindle yielded 1.5 kg/bush in years eleven and twelve after planting.
Intervention effect Pruning lowered yield by 27–60% for Bakcharskaya, Galochka and Chernichka compared with before pruning.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth parameters increased with sulphur fertilizer through 60 kg S/ha and decreased beyond that.

Taxon: growthe0
Treatment: sulphur fertilizer up to 60 kg S/hae0
Outcome: growth parameterse0
Direction: increasede0
Comparator: doses beyond thate0

Verbatim

e0
“The growth parameters, yield and yield contributing characters were increased with the increasing levels of sulphur fertilizer up to 60 kg S/ha and with the doses beyond that were found to decrease.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 462–660

Title

Influence of sulphur on morpho-physiological and yield parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.)

Ferdousi Begum; Feroza Hossain; Md Rafiqul Islam Mondal Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 2013. doi:10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14389

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Growth and yield attributes were significantly influenced by sulphur dose.
Intervention effect Yield and yield contributing characters increased through 60 kg S/ha and declined beyond it.
Intervention effect Plant height, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation were maximal at 60 kg S/ha, statistically comparable to 80 kg S/ha.
Intervention effect Leaf area index, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate were maximal at 60 kg S/ha.
Intervention effect Relative growth rate was maximal at 60 kg S/ha.
Intervention effect Siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, and 1000-seed weight were maximal at 60 kg S/ha.
Intervention effect Seed yield reached 1990 and 1896 kg/ha at 60 kg S/ha in the two years.
Intervention effect The 60 kg S/ha treatment raised seed yield 24.71% and 24.32% over control in the two years and was statistically comparable to 80 kg/ha.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in ear dry weight.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: 90-21-3e1
Treatment: natural potassium deficiency fielde1
Outcome: ear dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: D937e1

Verbatim

e0
“A small decrease in ear dry weight,the length of no kernels ear increased slightly,the magnitude of yield reduction was small,potassium use efficiency was higher”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1357

t0
“Maize Inbred Lines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–51

e1
“Typical maize inbred lines tolerant to K+ deficiency(90-21-3) and sensitive to K+ deficiency(D937) as materials,through direct seeding in natural potassium deficiency field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–439

Title

Physiological Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines Tolerant to Low Potassium from Filling Stage to Maturity

Cao Min‐jian Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 2011

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in root dry weight and average root length.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Root volume,root surface area and the average diameter of root.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in leaf area.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Roots,leaves,ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in stem.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in Potassium content of leaves and leaf sheaths.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in length of no kernels ear.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in yield.
Intervention effect The tolerant maize line differed from the sensitive line in potassium use efficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sr22+Sr25 lines exceeded L503 grain yield in 2019, decreased in 2020, and generally did not differ.

Taxon: spring bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Sr22+Sr25e0
Gene: Sr22+Sr25e0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: superiore0
Qualifier: Sr22+Sr25 in 2019e0
Comparator: L503e0

Verbatim

e0
“For grain yield, the lines with the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes were superior to the recipient cultivar L503 in one year (Sr22+Sr25 in 2019; Sr35+Sr25 in 2018), with a decrease in 2020, but in general there were no differences.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1053–1282

t0
“spring bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–55

Title

A prebreeding study of introgression spring bread wheat lines carrying combinations of stem rust resistance genes, Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25

S. N. Sibikeev; O. A. Baranova; A. E. Druzhin Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 2021. doi:10.18699/vj21.081

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Molecular markers confirmed the studied Sr genes.
Observation Sr22+Sr25 was highly effective under natural pathogen epiphytotics and laboratory conditions.
Observation Sr35+Sr25 was ineffective under natural pathogen epiphytotics and laboratory conditions.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 lines exceeded L503 grain yield in 2018, decreased in 2020, and generally did not differ.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 decreased 1000-grain weight during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 decreased 1000-grain weight during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 increased the germination-earing period during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 increased the germination-earing period during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 had nonsignificant effects on gluten and dough tenacity.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 increased the dough tenacity-to-extensibility ratio.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 lowered flour strength, porosity and bread volume.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 lowered gluten content.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 increased dough strength, tenacity and the tenacity-to-extensibility ratio.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 flour strength and bread porosity were at the recipient level.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 lowered bread volume.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sr35+Sr25 lines exceeded L503 grain yield in 2018, decreased in 2020, and generally did not differ.

Taxon: spring bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Sr35+Sr25e0
Gene: Sr35+Sr25e0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: superiore0
Qualifier: Sr35+Sr25 in 2018e0
Comparator: L503e0

Verbatim

e0
“For grain yield, the lines with the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes were superior to the recipient cultivar L503 in one year (Sr22+Sr25 in 2019; Sr35+Sr25 in 2018), with a decrease in 2020, but in general there were no differences.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1053–1282

t0
“spring bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–55

Title

A prebreeding study of introgression spring bread wheat lines carrying combinations of stem rust resistance genes, Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25

S. N. Sibikeev; O. A. Baranova; A. E. Druzhin Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 2021. doi:10.18699/vj21.081

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Molecular markers confirmed the studied Sr genes.
Observation Sr22+Sr25 was highly effective under natural pathogen epiphytotics and laboratory conditions.
Observation Sr35+Sr25 was ineffective under natural pathogen epiphytotics and laboratory conditions.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 lines exceeded L503 grain yield in 2019, decreased in 2020, and generally did not differ.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 decreased 1000-grain weight during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 decreased 1000-grain weight during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 increased the germination-earing period during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 increased the germination-earing period during 2018–2020.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 had nonsignificant effects on gluten and dough tenacity.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 increased the dough tenacity-to-extensibility ratio.
Intervention effect Sr22+Sr25 lowered flour strength, porosity and bread volume.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 lowered gluten content.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 increased dough strength, tenacity and the tenacity-to-extensibility ratio.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 flour strength and bread porosity were at the recipient level.
Intervention effect Sr35+Sr25 lowered bread volume.

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“yield decrease”

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