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“yield decrease”

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plus 31 earlier · 1910s–1940s

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

salicylic acid significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL) relative to drought alone.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree0
Treatment: salicylic acide0
Outcome: lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
Direction: decreasede0
Qualifier: both growing seasonse0
Comparator: drought treatment onlye0

Verbatim

e0
“Nevertheless, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL), superoxide (O2·−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly decreased in treated barley plants with proline and salicylic acid in both growing seasons as compared with drought treatment only, which caused significant decrease in stem length, plant dry weights, chlorophyll concentration, activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as biological and grain yield…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 432–853

Title

Exogenous Application of Proline and Salicylic Acid can Mitigate the Injurious Impacts of Drought Stress on Barley Plants Associated with Physiological and Histological Characters

Khaled A. A. Abdelaal; Kotb A. Attia; Salman F. Alamery; et al. Sustainability 2020. doi:10.3390/su12051736

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Salicylic acid increased stem length, plant dry weights under drought stress.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid increased chlorophyll concentration, relative water content, activity of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid increased grain yield under drought stress.
Intervention effect proline increased stem length, plant dry weights under drought stress.
Intervention effect proline increased chlorophyll concentration, relative water content, activity of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress.
Intervention effect proline increased grain yield under drought stress.
Intervention effect proline significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL) relative to drought alone.
Intervention effect proline significantly decreased superoxide (O2·−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) relative to drought alone.
Intervention effect salicylic acid significantly decreased superoxide (O2·−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) relative to drought alone.
Intervention effect Drought stress significantly decreased stem length, plant dry weights in barley.
Intervention effect Drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll concentration, activity of antioxidant enzymes in barley.
Intervention effect Drought stress significantly decreased biological and grain yield in barley.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bio-humus decreased spring wheat grain lead concentration by 14%.

Taxon: spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: bio humuse0
Outcome: spring wheat grain concentration of leade0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 14.00e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The introduction of bio humus in the tilth top soil before sowing and during tillering of spring wheat contributed to the increase in humus composition by 1.88 times, the change in acidity to pH = 6.9–7.0, reduction of lead and cadmium concentrations in 1.63 and 1.20 times against the background of increased zinc and cobalt levels by 15.62% and 7.98%; increase of field germination of spring wheat from 75.0 ± 0.4 to 8…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1145–1932

Title

Influence of bio-humus on soil fertility, productivity and environmental safety of spring wheat grain

Muhamedyarova, L.G.; Derkho, M.A.; Meshcheriakova, G.V.; et al. Eesti Maaülikool. EMU Dspace 2020. doi:10.15159/ar.20.152

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation The study soil had low humus content of 4.58–4.60%.
Observation The study soil had a weak acid reaction at pH 6.1–6.5.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased soil humus composition 1.88-fold.
Intervention effect Bio-humus changed soil acidity to pH 6.9–7.0.
Intervention effect Bio-humus reduced soil lead concentration 1.63-fold.
Intervention effect Bio-humus reduced soil cadmium concentration 1.20-fold.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased soil zinc level by 15.62%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased soil cobalt level by 7.98%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased spring wheat field germination from 75.0 ± 0.4 to 82.0 ± 0.9%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased developed harvestable stems per square metre by 10.15%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased productive tilling capacity by 8.33%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased spikes per ear by 20%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased grain per ear by 7.69%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased thousand-grain mass by 16.12%.
Intervention effect Bio-humus increased wheat yield by 10.2 hwt ha-1.
Intervention effect Bio-humus decreased spring wheat grain cadmium concentration by 16%.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Control stem girth was 2.80 cm.

Taxon: Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridust0
Treatment: controlt1
Outcome: stem girthe0
Value: 2.80 cme0

Verbatim

e0
“stem girth (2.80 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1479–1499

t0
“Amaranthus Hybridus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–59

t1
“all the treatments showed a significant increase in the soil pH, organic carbon, organic matter, NPK and Mg and a slight decrease in Ca and Na when compared to the pre-trial soil indicating an increase in residual soil nutrient status. Nutrient content N, P, K, plant height (51.13cm), number of leaves (67.80), stem girth (5.61cm), leaf area (194.87cm2) and yield (7.51 t/ha) were significantly higher in plots treated …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 890–1544

Title

Vegetative Growth and Yield Response of Amaranthus Hybridus to Mycorrhizal Fungi (glomus Mosseae) Inoculation, Organic and Micronutrient Fertilizer Application

Edosa, Ifeyinwa Valerie1; Ogbemudia; Imasuen E. E; et al. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science 2020. doi:10.67042/njss.2020.qkwnfqim

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Soil texture remained loamy sand after treatments.
Intervention effect Micronutrient application had no significant effect on treated plots.
Intervention effect Treatments significantly increased soil pH, organic carbon and organic matter compared with pretrial soil.
Intervention effect Treatments significantly increased soil NPK and Mg relative to pretrial soil.
Intervention effect Treatments slightly decreased soil Ca and Na.
Intervention effect PM produced significantly higher plant N, P and K content than the other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced plant height of 51.13cm, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced 67.80 leaves, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced stem girth of 5.61cm, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced leaf area of 194.87cm2, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced yield of 7.51 t/ha, significantly higher than other treatments.
Observation Control plant height was 19.13 cm.
Observation Control plants had 26.00 leaves.
Observation Control leaf area was 57.76 cm2.
Observation Control yield was 0.80 t/ha.
Intervention effect PM and PMF had significantly more spores than PCP and control.
Intervention effect PM and PMF had significantly more root arbuscules, vesicles and hyphae than PCP and control.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Control leaf area was 57.76 cm2.

Taxon: Amaranthus hybridusAmaranthus hybridust0
Treatment: controlt1
Outcome: leaf areae0
Value: 57.76 cm2e0

Verbatim

e0
“leaf area (57.76 cm2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1500–1521

t0
“Amaranthus Hybridus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–59

t1
“all the treatments showed a significant increase in the soil pH, organic carbon, organic matter, NPK and Mg and a slight decrease in Ca and Na when compared to the pre-trial soil indicating an increase in residual soil nutrient status. Nutrient content N, P, K, plant height (51.13cm), number of leaves (67.80), stem girth (5.61cm), leaf area (194.87cm2) and yield (7.51 t/ha) were significantly higher in plots treated …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 890–1544

Title

Vegetative Growth and Yield Response of Amaranthus Hybridus to Mycorrhizal Fungi (glomus Mosseae) Inoculation, Organic and Micronutrient Fertilizer Application

Edosa, Ifeyinwa Valerie1; Ogbemudia; Imasuen E. E; et al. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science 2020. doi:10.67042/njss.2020.qkwnfqim

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Soil texture remained loamy sand after treatments.
Intervention effect Micronutrient application had no significant effect on treated plots.
Intervention effect Treatments significantly increased soil pH, organic carbon and organic matter compared with pretrial soil.
Intervention effect Treatments significantly increased soil NPK and Mg relative to pretrial soil.
Intervention effect Treatments slightly decreased soil Ca and Na.
Intervention effect PM produced significantly higher plant N, P and K content than the other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced plant height of 51.13cm, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced 67.80 leaves, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced stem girth of 5.61cm, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced leaf area of 194.87cm2, significantly higher than other treatments.
Intervention effect PM produced yield of 7.51 t/ha, significantly higher than other treatments.
Observation Control plant height was 19.13 cm.
Observation Control plants had 26.00 leaves.
Observation Control stem girth was 2.80 cm.
Observation Control yield was 0.80 t/ha.
Intervention effect PM and PMF had significantly more spores than PCP and control.
Intervention effect PM and PMF had significantly more root arbuscules, vesicles and hyphae than PCP and control.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc and boron increased polyamines (PAs), putrescine and spermidine in leaves.

Taxon: balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
Treatment: Zn and Be1
Outcome: polyamines (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd)e1
Direction: increasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application of ZnSO4.7H2O and Na2B4o7.10H2O on Zn and B deficient soils could increase balsam pear yield and its contents of protein, Vc and 17 sorts of amino acids, especially the contents of essential amino acids for human body, but decrease the NO3(-)-N content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–475

e1
“The reason was that Zn and B could increase polyamines (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and ascorbic acid (ASA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase(CAT) activities, and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA), abscisic acid (ABA) contents in leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–824

Title

[Effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) yield and quality, and polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves].

Mutian Shi; Rukai Cheng PubMed 2004

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Zinc and boron application on deficient soils increased balsam pear yield.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron application increased protein, vitamin C and amino acid contents of balsam pear.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron application decreased NO3(-)-N content of balsam pear.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased spermine, indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid in leaves.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased ascorbic acid content in leaves.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased leaf SOD, POD and CAT activities.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron reduced malondialdehyde and abscisic acid contents in leaves.
Association Yields were positively correlated with PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, GA3, SOD, POD and CAT.
Association MDA and ABA contents were negatively correlated with yield-related variables in leaves.
Association MDA was positively correlated with ABA.
Association MDA and ABA were negatively correlated with PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, IAA, GA3 and ASA.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc and boron reduced malondialdehyde and abscisic acid contents in leaves.

Taxon: balsam pearMomordica charantiae0
Treatment: Zn and Be1
Outcome: malondialdehyde (MDA), abscisic acid (ABA) contentse1
Direction: reducee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application of ZnSO4.7H2O and Na2B4o7.10H2O on Zn and B deficient soils could increase balsam pear yield and its contents of protein, Vc and 17 sorts of amino acids, especially the contents of essential amino acids for human body, but decrease the NO3(-)-N content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–475

e1
“The reason was that Zn and B could increase polyamines (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and ascorbic acid (ASA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase(CAT) activities, and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA), abscisic acid (ABA) contents in leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–824

Title

[Effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) yield and quality, and polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves].

Mutian Shi; Rukai Cheng PubMed 2004

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Zinc and boron application on deficient soils increased balsam pear yield.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron application increased protein, vitamin C and amino acid contents of balsam pear.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron application decreased NO3(-)-N content of balsam pear.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased polyamines (PAs), putrescine and spermidine in leaves.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased spermine, indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid in leaves.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased ascorbic acid content in leaves.
Intervention effect Zinc and boron increased leaf SOD, POD and CAT activities.
Association Yields were positively correlated with PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, GA3, SOD, POD and CAT.
Association MDA and ABA contents were negatively correlated with yield-related variables in leaves.
Association MDA was positively correlated with ABA.
Association MDA and ABA were negatively correlated with PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, IAA, GA3 and ASA.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen at 40% above the soil-test recommendation with soil-test potassium gave the lowest disease score.

Taxon: potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: N was used 40 % more than the recommended level of the soil test (252 N), combined with K at the level of the soil test (100 K)e0
Interactor: VerticilliumVerticilliume1pathogen
Outcome: disease scoree0
Direction: Loweste0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Lowest disease score and highest yield even more than the cultivar potential were obtained in the plots when N was used 40 % more than the recommended level of the soil test (252 N), combined with K at the level of the soil test (100 K).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 891–1128

t0
“potato var. Agria”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–137

e1
“The results showed a marked decrease in Verticillium wilt incidence and increase in yield when NPK was used at the recommended rate.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–890

Title

Sufficient application of NPK fertilizers: A practical and efficient strategy in the management of Verticillium wilt of potato var. Agria

Akbar Hemmati; Bahram Mansoori Journal of Crop Protection 2016. doi:10.18869/modares.jcp.5.3.343

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Recommended NPK reduced Verticillium wilt incidence.
Intervention effect Recommended NPK increased potato yield.
Intervention effect Nitrogen at 40% above the recommendation with soil-test potassium produced the highest yield, above cultivar potential.
Observation Phosphorus was essential for potato growth.
Intervention effect Phosphorus had no effect on Verticillium disease.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twelve calcium sprays reduced bitter pit and lenticel blotch pit incidence from 25% with no calcium to 2%.

Taxon: APPLESt0
Treatment: twelve calcium sprayse3
Outcome: incidence of bitter pit and lenticel blotch pite3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Value: 2%e3
Qualifier: 25%e3
Comparator: no calciume3

Verbatim

e3
“In the third season, however, when yield was 18 t ha-1, fruits did not develop any disorder at harvest, but, after storage, the incidence of bitter pit and lenticel blotch pit was inversely related to the number of Ca sprays, ranging from 25% with no calcium to 2% in the treatment with twelve calcium sprays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 872–1180

t0
“OF "GALA" APPLES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 48–83

Title

PREHARVEST CALCIUM SPRAYS IMPROVE FRUIT QUALITY OF "GALA" APPLES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

P.R. Ernani; C.V.T. Amarante; J. Dias; et al. Acta Horticulturae 2002. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.594.62

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Post-treatment imazethapyr at 0.75 and 1 L/ha gave a maximum weed dry weight loss of 86.95% compared with not controlling weed.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
Treatment: imazetapir post-treatment application of 0.75 and 1 L.ha-1e1
Interactor: weede1weed
Outcome: weed dry weight losse1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 86.95%e1
Comparator: not controlling weede1

Verbatim

t0
“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–108

e1
“The results showed the maximum percentage of weed dry weight loss, as compared to not controlling weed due to imazetapir post-treatment application of 0.75 and 1 L.ha-1, was 86.95%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 902–1082

Title

Impact of Time and Rate of Imazetapyr Herbicide Application on Growth and Yield of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Abdolreza Ahmadi; Omidali Akbarpour DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2020. doi:10.30495/jcep.2020.671645

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Pre-emergence imazethapyr at 0.5 L/ha, the best concentration, decreased weed density by 99% compared with not controlling weed.
Intervention effect Weed control treatment gave the highest plant height (88.33 cm).
Intervention effect Pre-planting imazethapyr at 0.25 L/ha gave the highest LAI (2.59) among herbicide treatments.
Intervention effect Pre-emergence herbicide application at 0.5 L/ha gave the highest average number of pods per plant (10).
Intervention effect Pre-emergence herbicide application at 0.5 L/ha gave the highest number of pods per square metre (100).
Intervention effect Pre-emergence herbicide application at 0.5 L/ha gave the highest biological yield (33367.1 kg/ha).
Intervention effect Pre-planting plus post-emergence herbicide application at 1 L/ha each gave the highest 100-seed weight (109.6 g).
Intervention effect Hand weeding gave the highest average root length (12.46 cm).
Intervention effect Hand weeding gave the highest root dry weight (95 g).
Intervention effect Hand weeding gave the highest number of branches (5.33).
Intervention effect Hand weeding gave the highest number of seeds per pod (9.3).
Intervention effect Hand weeding gave the highest seed yield.
Intervention effect Higher herbicide concentrations decreased faba bean yield through burning, reduced leaf area and reduced photosynthesis.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Short-stature maize systems give greenhouse gas savings of 0.09–0.78 t CO2e per ha per year across agronomic scenarios.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse3
Treatment: short‐stature maize systemse3
Outcome: greenhouse gas savingse3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Value: 0.09–0.78 t CO 2 e ha −1 year −1e3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e3
“there is a range of greenhouse gas savings of 0.09–0.78 t CO 2 e ha −1 year −1 for short‐stature maize systems due to improvements in grain yield without increased inputs, reduction in stover N and subsequent N 2 O emissions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1339–1563

Title

Short‐stature maize systems reduce carbon intensity of grain production by an average of 13% compared to commercially relevant tall comparators

Frank G. Dohleman; Ty Barten; Kevin R. Kosola; et al. Journal of Environmental Quality 2025. doi:10.1002/jeq2.70097

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Short-stature maize systems reduced carbon intensity of grain production by an average of 13% compared with tall comparators.
Intervention effect Short-stature maize hybrids had yields comparable to tall comparators under standard management.
Intervention effect In-season access and higher plant populations improved the yield and efficiency of short-stature maize production.
Intervention effect Root volume was 39% higher in short-stature maize hybrids than in tall hybrids.

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“yield decrease”

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