Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the first cultivar group, the increase in ear weight fell from 100 in sunlight to 59, 45 and 40 under the three lower light intensities.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: average tight intensities, 57,800 (sunlight, L), 12,900 (l 1 ), 3900 (1 2 ) and 3300 (1 3 ) luxe0
Outcome: increase in weight of eare1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 100, 59, 45 and 40e1
Qualifier: in the first groupe1
Comparator: sunlight, Le0

Verbatim

e0
“Under average tight intensities, 57,800 (sunlight, L), 12,900 (l 1 ), 3900 (1 2 ) and 3300 (1 3 ) lux, during the fortnight after anthesis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–147

e1
“the corresponding increase in weight of ear varied as 100, 59, 45 and 40, in the first group and as 100, 58, 53 and 33, in the second”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 337–470

t0
“Wheat Grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–111

Title

Studies in Physiological Analysis of Yield. IX, Effect of Light Intensity on the Development of the Wheat Grain

R. D. Asana; S. R. Parvatikar; N. P. Saxena Physiologia Plantarum 1969. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1969.tb07450.x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The Ppd-A1_del303 allele gave lower grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight than the Ppd-A1b Ppd-B1c genotype.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: replacement of the Ppd-A1b allele with Ppd-A1_del303e6
Gene: Ppd-A1_del303e6
Outcome: grain weight per spike, thousand grain weighte7
Direction: negatively affectede7
Comparator: the Ppd-A1b Ppd-B1c genotypee7

Verbatim

t0
“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) agronomic traits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–133

e6
“The replacement of the Ppd-A1b allele with Ppd-A1_del303 led to a decrease in the effect of the dominant Ppd-B1c allele on accelerating heading”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2369–2512

e7
“negatively affected the grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, harvest index and grain yield compared to the Ppd-A1b Ppd-B1c genotype”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2517–2658

Title

Allelic variation at the PPD-A1 locus and its associations with heading time and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) agronomic traits in the northern Black Sea region

V. I. Fait; O. O. Pogrebniuk; V. R. Fedorova; et al. Agricultural science and practice 2024. doi:10.15407/agrisp11.02.046

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maintaining vegetative biomass appeared to be at the expense of reproductive tissue biomass in injured field corn.

Taxon: field corne0
Treatment: larval injury by western corn rootworme0
Interactor: western corn rootwormDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae0pest
Outcome: reproductive tissue biomasse6
Direction: decreaseinferrede6
Qualifier: unaltered levels of vegetative tissue biomasse6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“effects of larval injury by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on vegetative and reproductive biomass accumulation of field corn, Zea mays L”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 49–217

e6
“Plant response to stress was generally similar in all three soil textures. The compensation and maintenance of unaltered levels of vegetative tissue biomass appeared to be at the sacrifice of reproductive tissue biomass. Western com rootworrn larval injury consistently reduced com grain yield by up to 15.0% in 1989 and by 40.7% in 1990”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1778–2115

Title

Vegetative and Reproductive Biomass Accumulation in Field Com: Response to Root Injury by Western Com Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

L. D. Godfrey; L. J. Meinke; R. J. Wright Journal of Economic Entomology 1993. doi:10.1093/jee/86.5.1557

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Larval injury by western corn rootworm decreased vegetative biomass in the early phases of injury.
Intervention effect Larval infestations reduced field corn leaf area and leaf wet weight by up to 17.4%.
Intervention effect In 1989, dry weights of injured field corn were greater than those of uninjured plants at about 2 weeks after pupation.
Intervention effect In 1990, injured and uninjured field corn had similar biomass, an exact compensatory response.
Mechanism The differing biomass response was probably related to the plant development stage at peak injury.
Observation In 1989, field corn at the V15 stage averaged 8,350 cm2 leaf area.
Observation In 1990, field corn at the V8-V10 stage had 4,761.3 cm2 leaf area.
Intervention effect Larval-injured field corn plants could not use supplemental irrigation soil moisture for vegetative biomass production as uninjured plants did.
Observation Plant response to stress was similar across all three soil textures.
Intervention effect Western corn rootworm larval injury reduced grain yield by up to 15.0% in 1989.
Intervention effect Western corn rootworm larval injury reduced grain yield by 40.7% in 1990.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought lowered wheat light‐saturated net photosynthesis at the photosynthetic optimum.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Treatment: Droughte0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Outcome: light‐saturated net photosynthesise0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Direction: loweringe0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Comparator: well‐waterede0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Verbatim

e0
“Drought affected photosynthesis by lowering its optimum temperature ( T opt ) and the values at T opt of light‐saturated net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, the maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) and the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 941–1235

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 121–126

e1
“well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1298

e2
“T opt for V cmax was up to 40°C under well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1298

e3
“The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1392

e4
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

e5
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

Title

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang; Pierre Martre; Kaining Jin; et al. Global Change Biology 2022. doi:10.1111/gcb.16488

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Wheat photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to growth temperature.
Intervention effect Drought lowered the optimum temperature of wheat photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat stomatal conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat mesophyll conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax reached 40°C when well watered.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax was 24–34°C under drought.
Association The decrease in wheat photosynthesis under drought varied with growth temperature.
Observation The drought decrease in wheat photosynthesis was similar across genotypes.
Mechanism Photorespiration partly explained the temperature response of wheat photosynthetic quantum yield under drought.
Mechanism Alternative electron transport explained more of the wheat quantum yield response under drought.
Mechanism Changed wheat leaf nitrogen did not fully explain the biochemical parameter changes.
Observation Wheat diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis parameters acclimated little to growth temperature.
Observation Wheat photosynthetic parameters acclimated considerably to drought and combined drought and growth temperature.
Method / resource Common models strongly overestimated wheat leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dead hearts caused by the stem borer decreased across the May, June and July plantings (7.2, 6.6 and 4.6 %).

Taxon: riceOryza sativae3
Material: Sakha Super 300e3
Treatment: May 1st, June 1st and July 1st plantationse1
Interactor: Chilo agammnon Bles.e5pest
Outcome: dead heartse1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 7.2, 6.6 and 4.6 %e1
Setting: Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte2

Verbatim

e1
“Averages of dead hearts, caused by the rice stem borer were 7.2, 6.6 and 4.6 %, and those of whiteheads were 7.9, 6.6 and 4.8 % for May 1st, June 1st and July 1st plantations, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1404–1592

e2
“Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 40–131

e3
“in Sakha Super 300 rice cultivar”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 469–501

e5
“rice stem borer, Chilo agammnon Bles.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 431–468

Title

Influence of Sowing Dates and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Rice Yield and Insect Infestation of Sakha Super 300 Rice Cultivar

Taha, S.; H. Saleh; Eman Bleih Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, H. Botany/Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, H. Botany 2021. doi:10.21608/eajbsh.2021.158820

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Rice planted earlier had higher plant height, days to heading and filled grains per panicle.
Intervention effect Rice planted earlier had higher panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield.
Intervention effect The number of panicles per hill was highest at June 1st planting.
Intervention effect Fertility percentage was highest at June 1st planting.
Intervention effect Fertility percentage was lowest at May 1st planting.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen level increased the values of all traits, except fertility and 1000-grain weight.
Intervention effect Rice leaf miner infestation increased as planting was later.
Observation Planting on May 1st gave 21.80 and 23.42 infested leaves per 100 rice leaves.
Association Leaf miner infestation was highest, at 44.45 and 46.00 per 100 rice leaves in 2019 and 2020.
Association Percentages of leaf miner mines followed the same trend as infested leaves.
Intervention effect Increasing the nitrogen fertilization dose increased the percentages of leaf miner infested leaves and mines.
Association Whiteheads decreased across the May, June and July plantings (7.9, 6.6 and 4.8 %).
Association Stem borer infestation increased with nitrogen level.
Recommendation Sowing rice early (during May) with moderate nitrogen (69 kg N/fed.) is recommended to avoid severe leaf miner and stem borer infestations.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat stress decreased effective tillers per hill by 9.1% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Treatment: heat stresse0
Outcome: effective tillers per hille0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 9.1%e0
Comparator: controle0
Setting: glasshousee1

Verbatim

e0
“The highest decrease in morphological and physiological characteristics were observed in aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 time, chlorophyll content by 4.23% and plant height by 2.43% over control, meanwhile the fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5%, grain yield by 25.25%, the numbers of tillers per hill by 10.76% and effective tillers per hill by 9.1% decreased in heat stress pots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–990

e1
“the current glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application on the resistance of rice against heat stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 434–599

Title

Heat stress remediation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development, and nutrients uptake through fertilizers management in tropics

Mohammad Taghi Karbalaei Aghamolki; Mohd Khanif Yusop; Shahram Mahoud Soltani; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Heat stress increased aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 times relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased chlorophyll content by 4.23% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased plant height by 2.43% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased grain yield by 25.25% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased the number of tillers per hill by 10.76% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in straw decreased by 12.45%.
Observation Under heat stress, total N uptake decreased by 12.21%.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in grain decreased by 11.68%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in grain decreased by 28.96%.
Observation Under heat stress, total K uptake decreased by 18.26%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in straw decreased by 13.43%.
Intervention effect The highest rate of single N application remediated heat-stress damage to morphological characters by 15 to 63% in rice.
Intervention effect The single K application increased morphological characters in heat-stressed rice by about 2%.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in rice yield and fertile spikelets, both less than 2 times relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in effective tillers by 57.6% relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in 1000-grain weight by about 4% relative to control.
Intervention effect Single application of N and K increased N and K uptake in grain, total and straw by about 2.2 and 1.2 times more than control under heat stress, respectively.
Intervention effect The highest levels of urea and applied K increased all uptake parameters by about 2-3 times in rice.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat stress decreased fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Organ / stage: paniclee0
Treatment: heat stresse0
Outcome: fertile spikelets per paniclee0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 38.5%e0
Comparator: controle0
Setting: glasshousee1

Verbatim

e0
“The highest decrease in morphological and physiological characteristics were observed in aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 time, chlorophyll content by 4.23% and plant height by 2.43% over control, meanwhile the fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5%, grain yield by 25.25%, the numbers of tillers per hill by 10.76% and effective tillers per hill by 9.1% decreased in heat stress pots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–990

e1
“the current glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application on the resistance of rice against heat stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 434–599

Title

Heat stress remediation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development, and nutrients uptake through fertilizers management in tropics

Mohammad Taghi Karbalaei Aghamolki; Mohd Khanif Yusop; Shahram Mahoud Soltani; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Heat stress increased aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 times relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased chlorophyll content by 4.23% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased plant height by 2.43% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased grain yield by 25.25% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased the number of tillers per hill by 10.76% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased effective tillers per hill by 9.1% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in straw decreased by 12.45%.
Observation Under heat stress, total N uptake decreased by 12.21%.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in grain decreased by 11.68%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in grain decreased by 28.96%.
Observation Under heat stress, total K uptake decreased by 18.26%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in straw decreased by 13.43%.
Intervention effect The highest rate of single N application remediated heat-stress damage to morphological characters by 15 to 63% in rice.
Intervention effect The single K application increased morphological characters in heat-stressed rice by about 2%.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in rice yield and fertile spikelets, both less than 2 times relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in effective tillers by 57.6% relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in 1000-grain weight by about 4% relative to control.
Intervention effect Single application of N and K increased N and K uptake in grain, total and straw by about 2.2 and 1.2 times more than control under heat stress, respectively.
Intervention effect The highest levels of urea and applied K increased all uptake parameters by about 2-3 times in rice.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat stress increased aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 times relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Organ / stage: paniclee0
Treatment: heat stresse0
Outcome: aborted spikelets per paniclee0
Direction: increaseinferrede0
Value: about 2 timee0
Comparator: controle0
Setting: glasshousee1

Verbatim

e0
“The highest decrease in morphological and physiological characteristics were observed in aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 time, chlorophyll content by 4.23% and plant height by 2.43% over control, meanwhile the fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5%, grain yield by 25.25%, the numbers of tillers per hill by 10.76% and effective tillers per hill by 9.1% decreased in heat stress pots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–990

e1
“the current glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application on the resistance of rice against heat stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 434–599

Title

Heat stress remediation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development, and nutrients uptake through fertilizers management in tropics

Mohammad Taghi Karbalaei Aghamolki; Mohd Khanif Yusop; Shahram Mahoud Soltani; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Heat stress decreased chlorophyll content by 4.23% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased plant height by 2.43% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased grain yield by 25.25% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased the number of tillers per hill by 10.76% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased effective tillers per hill by 9.1% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in straw decreased by 12.45%.
Observation Under heat stress, total N uptake decreased by 12.21%.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in grain decreased by 11.68%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in grain decreased by 28.96%.
Observation Under heat stress, total K uptake decreased by 18.26%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in straw decreased by 13.43%.
Intervention effect The highest rate of single N application remediated heat-stress damage to morphological characters by 15 to 63% in rice.
Intervention effect The single K application increased morphological characters in heat-stressed rice by about 2%.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in rice yield and fertile spikelets, both less than 2 times relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in effective tillers by 57.6% relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in 1000-grain weight by about 4% relative to control.
Intervention effect Single application of N and K increased N and K uptake in grain, total and straw by about 2.2 and 1.2 times more than control under heat stress, respectively.
Intervention effect The highest levels of urea and applied K increased all uptake parameters by about 2-3 times in rice.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At pH 2.5, photosynthetic and fluorescence measures declined and failed to recover by 72 hours.

Taxon: LonganDimocarpus longane0
Treatment: acid rain of pH 2.5e1
Outcome: Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs), transpiration rate (Tr)e1
Direction: reducede1
Qualifier: could not be recovered 72 h after the stress ceasede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Longan ( Dimorcarpus longana Lour. cv. Wulongling ) seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–61

e1
“Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs), transpiration rate (Tr), ratio of variable fluorescence to initial fluorescence (Fv/F 0), ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of PSⅡelectron transport (ΦPSⅡ), ratio of fluorescence decrease (Rfd), nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and photochemical quenching (qP) were reduced after a 6 h stress with acid rain of pH 2.5, a…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1749

Title

EFFECTS OF SIMULATED ACID RAIN STRESS ON GAS EXCHANGE AND CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE PARAMETERS IN LEAVES OF LONGAN

Qiu Dong Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 2002

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Acid rain inhibited photosynthesis and raised light compensation point.
Intervention effect Acid rain increased the light compensation point.
Intervention effect At pH 3.0, gas exchange and fluorescence parameters fell at 6 hours and recovered by 72 hours.
Intervention effect At pH 2.5, fluorescence ratios and electron transport yield fell without recovery by 72 hours.
Intervention effect At pH 2.5, fluorescence decrease and quenching measures fell without recovery by 72 hours.
Intervention effect Intercellular CO2 fell at pH 2.5, then rose above control by 72 hours.
Intervention effect Acid rain increased dark respiration, which recovered at pH 3.0 but not pH 2.5.
Mechanism The authors infer restricted CO2 assimilation and proton-gradient establishment.
Mechanism The authors infer reduced photosynthetic electron transport and energy transformation efficiency.
Observation Nonphotochemical quenching was more sensitive to acid rain than photochemical quenching.
Recommendation Fv/F0 and qN are proposed as indicators of acid-rain damage in Longan.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat stress decreased the number of tillers per hill by 10.76% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Treatment: heat stresse0
Outcome: numbers of tillers per hille0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 10.76%e0
Comparator: controle0
Setting: glasshousee1

Verbatim

e0
“The highest decrease in morphological and physiological characteristics were observed in aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 time, chlorophyll content by 4.23% and plant height by 2.43% over control, meanwhile the fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5%, grain yield by 25.25%, the numbers of tillers per hill by 10.76% and effective tillers per hill by 9.1% decreased in heat stress pots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–990

e1
“the current glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application on the resistance of rice against heat stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 434–599

Title

Heat stress remediation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development, and nutrients uptake through fertilizers management in tropics

Mohammad Taghi Karbalaei Aghamolki; Mohd Khanif Yusop; Shahram Mahoud Soltani; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Heat stress increased aborted spikelets per panicle about 2 times relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased chlorophyll content by 4.23% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased plant height by 2.43% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased fertile spikelets per panicle by 38.5% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased grain yield by 25.25% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Intervention effect Heat stress decreased effective tillers per hill by 9.1% relative to control in glasshouse-grown rice.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in straw decreased by 12.45%.
Observation Under heat stress, total N uptake decreased by 12.21%.
Observation Under heat stress, N uptake in grain decreased by 11.68%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in grain decreased by 28.96%.
Observation Under heat stress, total K uptake decreased by 18.26%.
Observation Under heat stress, K uptake in straw decreased by 13.43%.
Intervention effect The highest rate of single N application remediated heat-stress damage to morphological characters by 15 to 63% in rice.
Intervention effect The single K application increased morphological characters in heat-stressed rice by about 2%.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in rice yield and fertile spikelets, both less than 2 times relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in effective tillers by 57.6% relative to control.
Intervention effect Fertilizer management remediated heat-stress losses in 1000-grain weight by about 4% relative to control.
Intervention effect Single application of N and K increased N and K uptake in grain, total and straw by about 2.2 and 1.2 times more than control under heat stress, respectively.
Intervention effect The highest levels of urea and applied K increased all uptake parameters by about 2-3 times in rice.

“yield decrease”

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