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“yield decrease”

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Organism: Allium cepa ✕

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cu deficiency decreased yield and all quality traits of onion.

Taxon: onionAllium cepae1
Treatment: Cu deficiencye1
Outcome: yield and all quality traitse1
Direction: decreasee1

Verbatim

e1
“Cu deficiency (control) resulted in a significant decrease in yield and all quality traits of onion plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 778–884

Title

Are Copper Nanoparticles Toxic to All Plants? A Case Study on Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Shady Abdel Mottaleb; Ahmed Z. A. Hassan; Reham El-Bahbohy; et al. Agronomy 2021. doi:10.3390/agronomy11051006

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect CuO NP treatment enhanced plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of onion compared with Cu sulfate and chelates.
Intervention effect CuO NP treatment enhanced yield and bulb quality of onion compared with Cu sulfate and chelates.
Intervention effect CuO NP treatment raised macro- and micro-nutrients, total soluble solids and phytochemical compounds of onion compared with Cu sulfate and chelates.
Intervention effect CuO NP treatment raised vitamins and amino acids of onion compared with Cu sulfate and chelates.
Recommendation CuO NPs were safe to use on onion.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 100 mg Ni/kg soil and above, onion yield decreased significantly.

Taxon: onionAllium cepae0
Treatment: 100 mg Ni/kg soil and abovee1
Outcome: yielde1
Direction: decreasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“of onion and fenugreek”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–85

e1
“at 100 mg Ni/kg soil and above yield decrease was significant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 508–569

Title

Effect of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn on growth and chemical composition of onion and fenugreek

Y.P. Dang; R. Chhabra; K.S. Verma Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 1990. doi:10.1080/00103629009368265

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Cd at 50 mg/kg soil drastically reduced onion fresh and dry weight, with further decreases at higher levels.
Intervention effect Cd at 50 mg/kg soil drastically reduced fenugreek fresh and dry weight, with further decreases at higher levels.
Intervention effect Ni at 50 mg/kg soil slightly decreased onion yield, and 100 mg/kg or higher significantly decreased it.
Intervention effect Ni at 50 mg/kg soil slightly decreased fenugreek yield.
Intervention effect At 100 mg Ni/kg soil and above, fenugreek yield decreased significantly.
Intervention effect No onion growth occurred at 400 mg Ni/kg soil.
Intervention effect No fenugreek growth occurred at 400 mg Ni/kg soil.
Intervention effect Zn at 50 mg/kg soil slightly increased onion yield, while higher levels reduced yield.
Intervention effect Zn at 50 mg/kg soil slightly increased fenugreek yield.
Intervention effect Higher Zn levels reduced onion yield.
Intervention effect Higher Zn levels reduced fenugreek yield more than onion yield.
Association Onion bulb concentrations of applied elements increased linearly with dose.
Association Fenugreek root and leaf concentrations of applied elements increased linearly with dose.
Observation Zn uptake was highest, followed by Cd, Ni, then Pb.
Observation Roots accumulated more of the elements than leaves.
Observation Onion tissue Cd at ten percent yield reduction was 6 ppm.
Observation Fenugreek tissue Cd at ten percent yield reduction was 1.5 ppm.
Observation Overall phytotoxicity ranked Cd above Ni above Pb above Zn.
Association DTPA-extractable soil elements rose as applied-element levels rose after crop harvest.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Shorter weeding intervals significantly reduced weed density.

Taxon: onionAllium cepat0
Treatment: decrease in weeding intervalse0
Outcome: weed densitye0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Similarly weed density and weed biomass (fresh and dry) were reduced significantly (p≤0.01) with decrease in weeding intervals.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–893

t0
“onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–42

Title

Impact of manual weeding interval on onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and yield components.

Kalim-ur-Rahman; Habiburrahman Habiburrahman; Muhammad Iqbal; et al. JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 2011

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Weeding interval significantly affected onion bulb yield relative to no weeding.
Intervention effect Weeding interval significantly affected onion bulb diameter, height and weight relative to no weeding.
Intervention effect Onion bulb yield was highest with 15-day weeding and lowest without weeding.
Intervention effect Shorter weeding intervals significantly reduced fresh and dry weed biomass.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Shorter weeding intervals significantly reduced fresh and dry weed biomass.

Taxon: onionAllium cepat0
Treatment: decrease in weeding intervalse0
Outcome: weed biomass (fresh and dry)e0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Similarly weed density and weed biomass (fresh and dry) were reduced significantly (p≤0.01) with decrease in weeding intervals.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–893

t0
“onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–42

Title

Impact of manual weeding interval on onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and yield components.

Kalim-ur-Rahman; Habiburrahman Habiburrahman; Muhammad Iqbal; et al. JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 2011

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Weeding interval significantly affected onion bulb yield relative to no weeding.
Intervention effect Weeding interval significantly affected onion bulb diameter, height and weight relative to no weeding.
Intervention effect Onion bulb yield was highest with 15-day weeding and lowest without weeding.
Intervention effect Shorter weeding intervals significantly reduced weed density.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.

Taxon: OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment: increasing levels of salinity of irrigation watere0
Outcome: dry weight, bulb weight, total yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“increasing levels of salinity of irrigation water caused a significant decrease in soil reaction degree, soil organic matter content, dry weight, bulb weight, total yield, and NPK absorbed by the plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1169–1370

t0
“Onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–118

Title

Role of Conocarpus Lancifolius Residues on Some Soil Chemical Properties, NPK Concentration, Growth and Yield of Onion Under Different Water Salinity Levels

Hussam Y. Khodier; Kamal H. Al-Dulaimi; Bassam R. Sarheed IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012074

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased soil organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased plant NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues decreased soil electrical conductivity and pH.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased soil pH and organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Measured characteristics were lower at 30-15 cm than 0-15 cm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion NPK uptake.

Taxon: OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment: increasing levels of salinity of irrigation watere0
Outcome: NPK absorbed by the plante0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“increasing levels of salinity of irrigation water caused a significant decrease in soil reaction degree, soil organic matter content, dry weight, bulb weight, total yield, and NPK absorbed by the plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1169–1370

t0
“Onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–118

Title

Role of Conocarpus Lancifolius Residues on Some Soil Chemical Properties, NPK Concentration, Growth and Yield of Onion Under Different Water Salinity Levels

Hussam Y. Khodier; Kamal H. Al-Dulaimi; Bassam R. Sarheed IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012074

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased soil organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased plant NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues decreased soil electrical conductivity and pH.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased soil pH and organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Measured characteristics were lower at 30-15 cm than 0-15 cm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing irrigation salinity decreased soil pH and organic matter.

Taxon: OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment: increasing levels of salinity of irrigation watere0
Outcome: soil reaction degree, soil organic matter contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“increasing levels of salinity of irrigation water caused a significant decrease in soil reaction degree, soil organic matter content, dry weight, bulb weight, total yield, and NPK absorbed by the plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1169–1370

t0
“Onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–118

Title

Role of Conocarpus Lancifolius Residues on Some Soil Chemical Properties, NPK Concentration, Growth and Yield of Onion Under Different Water Salinity Levels

Hussam Y. Khodier; Kamal H. Al-Dulaimi; Bassam R. Sarheed IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012074

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased soil organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased plant NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues decreased soil electrical conductivity and pH.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Measured characteristics were lower at 30-15 cm than 0-15 cm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Reducing irrigation from 100% to 50% of the water supply decreased total onion bulb yield.

Taxon: onionAllium cepae2
Treatment: reducing irrigation levels from 100 to 50% of the water supplye1
Outcome: total yield of bulbse1
Direction: decreasee1
Comparator: 100e1
Setting: Fallujah, Iraqe0

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted in Fallujah, Iraq during the autumn season in 2019”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 89–172

e1
“The results show a significant decrease in plant height, number of bulbs, total chlorophyll content, dry mass, iron content in the leaves, the average weight of bulbs and total yield of bulbs by reducing irrigation levels from 100 to 50% of the water supply”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 571–828

e2
“yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–308

Title

Response of onion growth and yield grown in soils of semi-arid regions to foliar application of iron under water stress conditions

Gar, Laith Farhan; Bader, Basem Rahem; Al-Esawi, Jabbar Shihab Eyada; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2021. doi:10.15159/jas.21.06

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Reducing irrigation from 100% to 50% of the water supply decreased onion plant height, bulb number and total chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Reducing irrigation from 100% to 50% of the water supply decreased onion dry mass, leaf iron content and average bulb weight.
Intervention effect Foliar spraying with iron significantly increased most of the measured onion traits.
Intervention effect The combination of 100% water supply and 100 mg L–1 iron gave the highest onion total yield, 4 332 Mg ha–1.
Intervention effect The combination of 75% of water supply and 100 mg L–1 iron gave the highest onion water use efficiency, 84.7%.
Intervention effect Iron and irrigation level interacted significantly for most measured onion traits.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing Conocarpus residues decreased soil electrical conductivity and pH.

Taxon: OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment: increasing levels of Conocarpus residues additione0
Outcome: electrical conductivity value and soil reaction degree (pH)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease in electrical conductivity value and soil reaction degree (pH) coincides with increasing levels of Conocarpus residues addition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1011–1161

t0
“Onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–118

Title

Role of Conocarpus Lancifolius Residues on Some Soil Chemical Properties, NPK Concentration, Growth and Yield of Onion Under Different Water Salinity Levels

Hussam Y. Khodier; Kamal H. Al-Dulaimi; Bassam R. Sarheed IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012074

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased soil organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased plant NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased soil pH and organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Measured characteristics were lower at 30-15 cm than 0-15 cm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Measured characteristics were lower at 30-15 cm than 0-15 cm.

Taxon: OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment: a depth of 30-15 cme0
Outcome: all the above characteristicse0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: a depth of 0-15 cme0

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease in all the above characteristics at a depth of 30-15 cm compared to a depth of 0-15 cm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1396–1505

t0
“Onion”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–118

Title

Role of Conocarpus Lancifolius Residues on Some Soil Chemical Properties, NPK Concentration, Growth and Yield of Onion Under Different Water Salinity Levels

Hussam Y. Khodier; Kamal H. Al-Dulaimi; Bassam R. Sarheed IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012074

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased soil organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues increased plant NPK uptake.
Intervention effect Increasing Conocarpus residues decreased soil electrical conductivity and pH.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased soil pH and organic matter.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion dry weight, bulb weight and total yield.
Intervention effect Increasing irrigation salinity decreased onion NPK uptake.

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“yield decrease”

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