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“yield decrease”

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Organism: Helianthus annuus ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Removing 50% of seeds under water stress significantly reduced seed yield by 79.3%.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment: 50% of the seede0
Outcome: seed yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 79.3%e0
Setting: water stresse1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“removal treatments of 25 and 50% of the seed caused a significant decrease in seed yield by 40.1 and 79.3%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1117

e1
“Under water stress conditions, none of the defoliation treatments caused a reduction in seed yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–987

t0
“Sunflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–48

Title

Impact of Source, Sink Manipulation on Sunflower Yield Physiology under Different Water Availability Conditions

Mojtaba Hassanzadehdelouei; Ahad Madani; Najmeh Yazdanparast Annals of Arid Zone 2023. doi:10.59512/aaz.2023.62.4.13

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Removing 25% of head seeds under optimal irrigation did not reduce yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Other source and sink removal treatments under optimal irrigation decreased seed yield.
Intervention effect Removal of 50% of the head produced the maximum seed yield decrease of 62.2%.
Intervention effect Defoliation under water stress did not reduce seed yield.
Intervention effect Removing 25% of seeds under water stress significantly reduced seed yield by 40.1%.
Mechanism The authors interpret source strength at both canopy levels as limiting yield under optimal irrigation.
Mechanism The authors interpret sink capacity as severely limiting under water stress.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Coefficient of variability declined as plot size increased.

Taxon: SUNFLOWERHelianthus annuust0
Outcome: coefficient of variability (CV%)e0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: plot size (x)e0

Verbatim

e0
“As plot size (x) increased the vari‌ance per basic unit (Vx) and coefficient of variability (CV%) tended to decrease.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 456–573

t0
“SUNFLOWER YIELD TRIALS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–80

Title

OPTIMUM PLOT SIZE, SHAPE AND NUMBER OF REP- LICATIONS FOR SUNFLOWER YIELD TRIALS

SAED M. NASR Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 1998. doi:10.21608/ejar.1998.359112

Other claims from this paper (10)

Association Variance per basic unit declined as plot size increased.
Observation Soil heterogeneity index was 0.739 in 1996.
Observation Soil heterogeneity index was 0.698 in 1997.
Observation Mean soil heterogeneity index was 0.718.
Method / resource Smith method estimated an optimum plot size of 4.159 to 5.095 m2.
Method / resource Maximum curvature estimated optimum plot size as 11.326 m2.
Association Plot shape and direction affected variance.
Observation Plot shape mattered for small plots.
Recommendation Long narrow plots were recommended.
Association Increasing replication improved detection of mean differences more than increasing plot size.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Primextra TZ Gold plus Yastryb reduced bee visitation by 29%.

Taxon: sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Treatment: Primextra TZ Gold + Yastrybe0
Interactor: beeApis melliferae2pollinator
Outcome: visitatione0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: -29%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Soilapplied programmes reduced visitation by 29-56%, with the smallest decrease under Primextra TZ Gold + Yastryb (-29%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1188

e1
“seed yield of sunflower hybrids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 131–162

e2
“on bee visitation and seed yield of sunflower hybrids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 109–162

Title

Herbicide impacts on bee pollination and yield interactions in sunflower production

Oleksandr Dobrenkyi Scientific Horizons 2025. doi:10.48077/scihor11.2025.47

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation The hand-weeded control had the highest bee visitation, averaging 6.11 visits per head per ten minutes.
Intervention effect Eclipse plus Filder reduced bee visitation by 56%.
Intervention effect Challenge reduced bee visitation by 33%.
Intervention effect Helianthex reduced bee visitation by 82%.
Association Bee visitation in 2024 was 1.28 versus about 4.5–5.0 in 2022–2023.
Intervention effect Eclipse plus Filder reduced yield by 0.31 t/ha or 8%.
Intervention effect Primextra TZ Gold plus Yastryb reduced yield by 0.35 t/ha or 9%.
Intervention effect Stels reduced yield by 0.58 t/ha or 15%.
Intervention effect Challenge reduced yield by 0.76 t/ha or 20%.
Intervention effect Helianthex reduced yield by 27%.
Association Soil-applied programmes had lower risk to pollinator activity and yield than post-emergence chemistries.
Association Drought strongly limited pollinator activity and yield.
Recommendation Pollinator-sensitive herbicide selection with seasonal risk management may sustain pollination services and productivity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

XF-4619 shoot fresh weight declined 53% at 150 mM NaCl.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Material: XF-4619e1
Treatment: 150 mM NaCle1
Outcome: shoot fresh weighte0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 53%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“53% decrease in shoot fresh weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 835–869

e1
“XF-4619 exhibited 14 and 53% decrease in shoot fresh weight, 11 and 35% decrease in root fresh weight, 6 and 34% decrease in stem length, 12 and 34% decrease in stem diameter, 10 and 40% decrease in leaf area, 2 and 31% decrease in root dry matter and 13 and 50% decrease in shoot dry matter yield at 75 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively, as compared with the control.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 810–1174

t0
“SUNFLOWER”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–60

t1
“SUNFLOWER”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 51–60

Title

EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS / EVALUACION Y COMPORTAMIENTO DE DIVERSOS HIBRIDOS COMERCIALES DEL GIRASOL EN LAS CONDICIONES DE SALINIDAD / ÉVALUATION ET COMPORTEMENT DE DIFFÉRENTS HYBRIDES COMMERCIAUX DU TOURNESOL DANS DES CONDITIONS SALINES

Ali Arshad; M. Salim Badr-uz-Zaman Helia 2001. doi:10.1515/helia.2001.24.35.149

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Sunflower growth decreased sharply as NaCl concentration increased.
Association XF-4619 had the maximum shoot and root fresh weight, stem diameter and leaf area among hybrids.
Association XF-4619 had the least decline in those growth traits under salinity.
Intervention effect XF-4619 shoot fresh weight declined 14% at 75 mM NaCl against control.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem length decreased by 6% and 34% relative to the control.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Material: XF-4619e2
Treatment: 75 and 150 mM NaCle2
Outcome: stem lengthe2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 6 and 34%e2
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

e1
“Sunflower growth deceased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in root medium”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–600

e2
“XF-4619 exhibited 14 and 53% decrease in shoot fresh weight, 11 and 35% decrease in root fresh weight, 6 and 34% decrease in stem length, 12 and 34% decrease in stem diameter, 10 and 40% decrease in leaf area, 2 and 31% decrease in root dry matter and 13 and 50% decrease in shoot dry matter yield at 75 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively, as compared with the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 798–1161

Title

EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

Arshad Ali; Muhammad Salim 2001

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Increasing NaCl concentration in the root medium drastically decreased sunflower growth.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum shoot and root fresh weight.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum stem diameter and leaf area.
Intervention effect Hybrid XF-4619 showed the least decrease in these parameters under saline conditions.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot fresh weight decreased by 14% and 53% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root fresh weight decreased by 11% and 35% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem diameter decreased by 12% and 34% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 leaf area decreased by 10% and 40% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root dry matter decreased by 2% and 31% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot dry matter yield decreased by 13% and 50% relative to the control.
Observation XF-4619 took up Ca and K efficiently in both saline and non-saline root medium.
Association XF-4619 is indicative of better yield potential than the other commercial sunflower hybrids.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem diameter decreased by 12% and 34% relative to the control.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Material: XF-4619e2
Treatment: 75 and 150 mM NaCle2
Outcome: stem diametere2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 12 and 34%e2
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

e1
“Sunflower growth deceased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in root medium”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–600

e2
“XF-4619 exhibited 14 and 53% decrease in shoot fresh weight, 11 and 35% decrease in root fresh weight, 6 and 34% decrease in stem length, 12 and 34% decrease in stem diameter, 10 and 40% decrease in leaf area, 2 and 31% decrease in root dry matter and 13 and 50% decrease in shoot dry matter yield at 75 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively, as compared with the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 798–1161

Title

EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

Arshad Ali; Muhammad Salim 2001

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Increasing NaCl concentration in the root medium drastically decreased sunflower growth.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum shoot and root fresh weight.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum stem diameter and leaf area.
Intervention effect Hybrid XF-4619 showed the least decrease in these parameters under saline conditions.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot fresh weight decreased by 14% and 53% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root fresh weight decreased by 11% and 35% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem length decreased by 6% and 34% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 leaf area decreased by 10% and 40% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root dry matter decreased by 2% and 31% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot dry matter yield decreased by 13% and 50% relative to the control.
Observation XF-4619 took up Ca and K efficiently in both saline and non-saline root medium.
Association XF-4619 is indicative of better yield potential than the other commercial sunflower hybrids.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 leaf area decreased by 10% and 40% relative to the control.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Material: XF-4619e2
Treatment: 75 and 150 mM NaCle2
Outcome: leaf areae2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 10 and 40%e2
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

e1
“Sunflower growth deceased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in root medium”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–600

e2
“XF-4619 exhibited 14 and 53% decrease in shoot fresh weight, 11 and 35% decrease in root fresh weight, 6 and 34% decrease in stem length, 12 and 34% decrease in stem diameter, 10 and 40% decrease in leaf area, 2 and 31% decrease in root dry matter and 13 and 50% decrease in shoot dry matter yield at 75 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively, as compared with the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 798–1161

Title

EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

Arshad Ali; Muhammad Salim 2001

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Increasing NaCl concentration in the root medium drastically decreased sunflower growth.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum shoot and root fresh weight.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum stem diameter and leaf area.
Intervention effect Hybrid XF-4619 showed the least decrease in these parameters under saline conditions.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot fresh weight decreased by 14% and 53% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root fresh weight decreased by 11% and 35% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem length decreased by 6% and 34% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem diameter decreased by 12% and 34% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root dry matter decreased by 2% and 31% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot dry matter yield decreased by 13% and 50% relative to the control.
Observation XF-4619 took up Ca and K efficiently in both saline and non-saline root medium.
Association XF-4619 is indicative of better yield potential than the other commercial sunflower hybrids.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stressed soils reduced yield and yield attributes of sunflower.

Taxon: sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Treatment: All three soil typese0
Outcome: yield and yield attributese0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: control garden soile0

Verbatim

e0
“All three soil types resulted in a decrease in all yield and yield attributes for all three plants when grown in these different soil types compared to the control garden soil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 643–818

e1
“canola (Brassica napus L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 179–277

Title

Fatty Acids and Stress in Three Oil-Producing Plants: Canola (Brassica napus L.), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

Wafaa M. Shukry 2007

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Stressed soils reduced yield and yield attributes of canola.
Intervention effect Stressed soils reduced yield and yield attributes of safflower.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer improved yield more than inorganic fertilizer in the three crops.
Observation Oil content and fatty acid profiles varied across treatments.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativeprojected

Claim · model-written summary

Under A2, sunflower yield was projected to decrease by 27% by 2097 relative to the 2009 baseline.

Taxon: sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Treatment: A2e1
Outcome: yieldse1
Direction: decreasede1
Value: 27%e1
Qualifier: By 2097e1
Comparator: 2009 baselinee1
Setting: California's Central Valleyt0

Verbatim

e1
“By 2097, yields under A2 decreased in comparison to the 2009 baseline in the following order: cotton (29%) > sunflower (27%) > wheat (17%) > rice (12%) > tomato (9%) > maize (8%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–999

t0
“Effect of climate change on field crop production and greenhouse gas emissions in California's Central Valley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–109

Title

Effect of climate change on field crop production and greenhouse gas emissions in California's Central Valley.

J. H. Lee; Johan Six; R. J. Gilkes; et al. 2010

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Under A2, cotton yield was projected to decrease by 29% by 2097 relative to the 2009 baseline.
Intervention effect Under A2, wheat yield was projected to decrease by 17% by 2097 relative to the 2009 baseline.
Intervention effect Under A2, rice yield was projected to decrease by 12% by 2097 relative to the 2009 baseline.
Intervention effect Under A2, tomato yield was projected to decrease by 9% by 2097 relative to the 2009 baseline.
Intervention effect Under A2, maize yield was projected to decrease by 8% by 2097 relative to the 2009 baseline.
Intervention effect Under A2, alfalfa yield was 5% lower than under B1.
Intervention effect Under A2, cotton yield was 21% lower than under B1.
Association Under A2, soil carbon storage tended to decrease under climate change.
Association Differences in nitrous oxide flux between A2 and B1 were not clear.
Mechanism Soil carbon storage decreases under A2 are explained by lower soil C inputs and higher soil C decomposition.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot fresh weight decreased by 14% and 53% relative to the control.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
Material: XF-4619e2
Treatment: 75 and 150 mM NaCle2
Outcome: shoot fresh weighte2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 14 and 53%e2
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

e1
“Sunflower growth deceased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in root medium”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–600

e2
“XF-4619 exhibited 14 and 53% decrease in shoot fresh weight, 11 and 35% decrease in root fresh weight, 6 and 34% decrease in stem length, 12 and 34% decrease in stem diameter, 10 and 40% decrease in leaf area, 2 and 31% decrease in root dry matter and 13 and 50% decrease in shoot dry matter yield at 75 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively, as compared with the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 798–1161

Title

EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

Arshad Ali; Muhammad Salim 2001

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Increasing NaCl concentration in the root medium drastically decreased sunflower growth.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum shoot and root fresh weight.
Observation Hybrid XF-4619 registered the maximum stem diameter and leaf area.
Intervention effect Hybrid XF-4619 showed the least decrease in these parameters under saline conditions.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root fresh weight decreased by 11% and 35% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem length decreased by 6% and 34% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 stem diameter decreased by 12% and 34% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 leaf area decreased by 10% and 40% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 root dry matter decreased by 2% and 31% relative to the control.
Intervention effect At 75 and 150 mM NaCl, XF-4619 shoot dry matter yield decreased by 13% and 50% relative to the control.
Observation XF-4619 took up Ca and K efficiently in both saline and non-saline root medium.
Association XF-4619 is indicative of better yield potential than the other commercial sunflower hybrids.

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“yield decrease”

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