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“yield decrease”

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2000 ’10 ’20

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Organism: Malus domestica ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Thinning to four fruits per TCSA reduced yield per tree relative to unthinned trees.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: thinning to 4 fruits cm-2(TCSA)e0
Outcome: yield per treee0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: unthinned treese0

Verbatim

e0
“in contrast to the unthinned trees, thinning to 4 fruits cm-2(TCSA) resulted in a significant decrease of yield per tree, but a significant increase of fruit mass, return bloom, and leaf area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 540–731

t0
“apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75

Title

Effect of crop load on phytohormones, sugars, and biennial bearing in apple trees

G. Samuolienė; A. Čeidaitė; R. Sirtautas; et al. Biologia Plantarum 2016. doi:10.1007/s10535-015-0581-3

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect The same thinning increased fruit mass.
Intervention effect The same thinning increased return bloom.
Intervention effect The same thinning increased leaf area.
Association Heavy crop load suppressed bloom the following year.
Observation Phytohormone composition and content changed considerably.
Intervention effect Thinning increased hexose accumulation.
Mechanism The authors suggest flowering inhibition depends on hormone export to buds and sugar hormone signalling.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing interstock height reduced tree growth in both apple cultivars, with a significant decrease.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Material: Golden Delicious ve Granny Smithe5
Treatment: ara anaç yüksekliğinin artmasıe1
Outcome: fidan ve ağaç gelişimie1
Direction: azaldığınıe1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Effects of interstock length on sylleptic shoot formation, growth and yield in apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–84

e1
“ara anaç yüksekliğinin artması ile her iki çeşitte fidan ve ağaç gelişiminin önemli ölçüde azaldığını ancak yan dallanmanın arttığını göstermiştir”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 268–414

e5
“Golden Delicious ve Granny Smith elma çeşitlerinde”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 104–154

Title

Effects of interstock length on sylleptic shoot formation, growth and yield in apple

Hüseyin Karlıdağ; Rafet Aslantaş; Ahmet EŞİTKEN Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2014. doi:10.15832/tbd.63462

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Increasing interstock height increased lateral branching in both apple cultivars.
Observation Control trees formed no lateral shoots.
Intervention effect With 30 cm interstock, Golden Delicious formed 3.67 lateral shoots per tree, higher than the control.
Intervention effect With 30 cm interstock, Granny Smith formed 5.33 lateral shoots per tree, higher than the control.
Intervention effect The highest total yield of Golden Delicious, 21.77 kg per tree, was obtained with 30 cm interstock.
Intervention effect The highest total yield of Granny Smith, 19.18 kg per tree, was obtained with 30 cm interstock.
Intervention effect With 30 cm interstock, Golden Delicious trees were the shortest, 147.5 cm, compared with the control.
Intervention effect With 30 cm interstock, Granny Smith trees were the shortest, 162.6 cm, compared with the control.
Recommendation M9 interstock has the potential to reduce growth and promote branching and early bearing in sustainable and organic apple production.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Apple yield decreased significantly in 2017 and 2020 amid climatic stressors.

Taxon: apple treeMalus domesticae0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 11.69–12.48 t/hae0

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease in yield in 2017 and 2020 in the apple tree crop as a whole (11.69–12.48 t/ha) is due to an increase in the negative complex impact of spring-summer and winter stressors on the plant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 624–830

Title

Genetic resources of the genus Malus as the basis for the accelerated creation of domestic adaptive apple tree varieties

Elena Ulianovskaya; Evgeniya Belenko E3S Web of Conferences 2021. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202125401026

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Gin was identified as promising, scab immune and productive.
Observation The selected samples had high productivity potential.
Observation Large fruit selections averaged 200.3–225.5 g.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Black plastic mulch significantly reduced soil evaporation loss.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: Black plastic mulche0
Outcome: soil moisture losses via evaporatione0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Black plastic mulch caused significantly decrease in soil moisture losses via evaporation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 971–1061

t0
“apple tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–76

Title

Affects of weeds control methods on yield and quality of fruit in apple tree

Akbar Gandomkar Eurasian Journal of Biosciences 2019

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Alfalfa, soybean, clover and mungbean increased soil organic carbon.
Intervention effect Black plastic mulch was most effective against weeds.
Intervention effect Herbicide application was effective for weed control.
Recommendation The authors advise against herbicide application because of environment, soil, tree and cost concerns.
Intervention effect Cultivation controlled annual weeds but required repetition and increased fruit fall.
Intervention effect Cultivator treatment increased fruit fall through contact with the canopy.
Observation Soybean and alfalfa competed well with weeds.
Observation Clover and mungbean improved soil properties but competed poorly with weeds.
Intervention effect Alfalfa, soybean, clover and mungbean increased apple leaf nitrogen.
Intervention effect The listed mulches significantly increased fruit yield and quality.
Recommendation Nylon mulch is recommended for weed control in dry years.
Recommendation Soybean mulch is recommended when irrigation water is sufficient.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Sowing blue fescue in the second year significantly decreased total apple yield per tree over four cropping years.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: sowing of blue fescue as early as in the second yeare0
Interactor: blue fescuee0weed
Outcome: total yield per treee0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The sowing of blue fescue as early as in the second year following the tree planting caused a significant decrease of the total yield per tree obtained in the first four years of the cropping.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 737–929

t0
“apple orchard”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 68–81

Title

SUITABILITY OF BLUE FESCUE (Festuca ovina L.) AS LIVING MULCH IN AN APPLE ORCHARD - PRELIMINARY EVALUATION

Maria Licznar‐Małańczuk DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2015

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Early blue fescue sowing improved apple fruit coloration.
Intervention effect Delaying blue fescue sowing until years three or four mitigated negative effects on apple growth and yield.
Intervention effect Delaying sowing mitigated negative influences on fruit quality.
Intervention effect Blue fescue satisfactorily protected soil from weed occurrence.
Recommendation The authors propose late-sown blue fescue mulch as an alternative to herbicide fallow.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Apple fruit mass decreased significantly during the last six years.

Taxon: APPLEMalus domesticat0
Outcome: fruit masse0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: during the last six yearse0

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease of fruit mass and soluble solids content was observed during the last six years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1660–1762

t0
“APPLE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–42

Title

FRUIT QUALITY AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT APPLE CULTIVARS AS AFFECTED BY TREE DENSITY

T. Eccher; G. Granelli Acta Horticulturae 2006. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.712.66

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing apple tree density raised yield per hectare.
Intervention effect Increasing apple tree density lowered yield per tree after competition began.
Intervention effect The highest planting density significantly reduced apple fruit size.
Intervention effect The highest planting density significantly reduced apple fruit quality, with results differing by variety and clone.
Observation Year to year variation in apple fruit size and quality was wider than variation between planting densities.
Observation Apple soluble solids content decreased significantly during the last six years.
Intervention effect High planting density reduced apple trunk cross size.
Recommendation The authors recommend 2222 trees/ha as the best density for the tested apple cultivars in the Po valley.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Apple soluble solids content decreased significantly during the last six years.

Taxon: APPLEMalus domesticat0
Outcome: soluble solids contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: during the last six yearse0

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease of fruit mass and soluble solids content was observed during the last six years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1660–1762

t0
“APPLE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–42

Title

FRUIT QUALITY AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT APPLE CULTIVARS AS AFFECTED BY TREE DENSITY

T. Eccher; G. Granelli Acta Horticulturae 2006. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.712.66

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Increasing apple tree density raised yield per hectare.
Intervention effect Increasing apple tree density lowered yield per tree after competition began.
Intervention effect The highest planting density significantly reduced apple fruit size.
Intervention effect The highest planting density significantly reduced apple fruit quality, with results differing by variety and clone.
Observation Year to year variation in apple fruit size and quality was wider than variation between planting densities.
Observation Apple fruit mass decreased significantly during the last six years.
Intervention effect High planting density reduced apple trunk cross size.
Recommendation The authors recommend 2222 trees/ha as the best density for the tested apple cultivars in the Po valley.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Biphenthrin significantly decreased premature fruit drop.

Taxon: ApplesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: biphenthrine0
Outcome: PFDe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Apples treated with biphenthrin showed a significant ( p ≤ 0.05) decrease in PFD and improvements in fruit size, weight and overall yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1410–1547

Title

Managing Codling Moth ( Cydia pomonella L.) Associated With Premature Fruit Drop and Quality of Apples Using Different Insecticides

Mehdi Maqbool; Bassam F. Alowaiesh; Najeeb Mohyud Din; et al. Advances in Agriculture 2025. doi:10.1155/aia/9614923

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect All insecticide treatments reduced codling moth infestation.
Intervention effect All insecticide treatments minimized premature fruit drop.
Intervention effect All insecticide treatments maintained postharvest apple quality.
Intervention effect Biphenthrin gave minimum codling moth infestation of 5.33% in Star Crimson apples.
Intervention effect Biphenthrin improved fruit size, weight and yield.
Observation Star Crimson performed better than other varieties on most indicators.

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher nitrogen significantly decreased apple fruit firmness and juice TSS.

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticat0
Material: "ANNA"t0
Treatment: Increasing N levele0
Outcome: fruit firmness and TSS% in fruit juicee0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing N level caused a significant decrease in fruit firmness and TSS% in fruit juice.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1144–1235

t0
“"ANNA" APPLE TREES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 107–125

Title

EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON: 111- THE YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY AND SAVING WATER OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES GROWN IN NEW RECLAIMED SOILS

A. Shahein,; M. EI- Sabrout; M. Yehia; et al. Journal of Plant Production 2002. doi:10.21608/jpp.2002.253995

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Low irrigation significantly lowered apple fruit yield.
Association Apple yield increased as nitrogen level and irrigation rate increased.
Association Higher irrigation and nitrogen increased apple fruit weight, length and diameter.
Association Lower irrigation increased anthocyanin concentration, firmness and TSS in fruit.
Association Lower irrigation increased fruit starch percentage.
Intervention effect Nitrogen levels did not affect apple skin anthocyanin concentration.
Intervention effect Nitrogen levels did not affect apple total sugar, reducing sugar or starch percentages.
Association Juice acidity decreased with decreasing irrigation rate and nitrogen level.
Observation Normal irrigation produced the highest fruit yield in 1999.
Intervention effect Normal irrigation used 1934. 01 m3/feddan versus 2559.53 m3/feddan under the control in 1999.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Split potassium application at flowering and fruit enlargement significantly lowered fruit calcium concentration.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: split potassium fertilizer application at the flowering and fruit enlargement stagese0
Outcome: concentration of calcium in fruite0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the split potassium fertilizer application at the flowering and fruit enlargement stages resulted in the significant decrease in concentration of calcium in fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1241–1403

t0
“apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 95–100

Title

Effects of different potassium fertilizer application periods on the yield and quality of Fuji apple

LU Yongl Yingyong shengtai xuebao 2015

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Potassium application increased apple yield by 4.3%- 33.2% relative to no potassium.
Intervention effect Potassium application improved apple fruit quality.
Intervention effect Applying 50% or 100% potassium at fruit enlargement raised apple yield by 20. 5%- 27. 7% relative to all basal application.
Intervention effect Applying 50% or 100% potassium at fruit enlargement improved fruit quality over all basal application.
Intervention effect Evenly split potassium application gave higher yield, quality and potassium use efficiency than all application at fruit enlargement.
Intervention effect Evenly split potassium application maintained relatively stable leaf potassium concentration.
Recommendation The authors recommend evenly splitting potassium as basal and fruit enlargement applications for Fuji apple orchards.

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“yield decrease”

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