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“yield decrease”

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Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude delaying first irrigation does not appear to condition corn for later moisture stress and may reduce yield in some circumstances.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Delaying the first irrigatione0
Outcome: does not appear to condition corn for moisture stress later in the season, and may substantially decrease yielde0
Qualifier: in certain situationse0

Verbatim

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–38

e0
“Delaying the first irrigation does not appear to condition corn for moisture stress later in the season, and may substantially decrease yield in certain situations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 961–1124

Title

Timing of the First Irrigation in Corna nd Moisture Stress Conditioning

Michael J. Ottman; Ahmed Omar Jama UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) 1991

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Delaying first irrigation restricted corn root growth in some cases and had no influence in others.
Intervention effect Delaying first irrigation increased corn water use during anthesis, especially at 2 to 3 feet depth.
Intervention effect Delaying first irrigation delayed corn silking by approximately 3 days.
Intervention effect Delaying first irrigation decreased corn dry matter accumulation rate.
Intervention effect In 1990, delaying first irrigation past the 2 leaf stage reduced corn grain yield by 20% when irrigated at anthesis.
Intervention effect In 1990, delaying first irrigation past the 2 leaf stage reduced total corn plant yield by 14% when irrigated at anthesis.
Intervention effect First irrigation timing did not affect corn yield when irrigation was withheld at anthesis.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Line sowing with manual weeding is recommended to reduce weed competition and raise fennel yield under rainfed conditions.

Taxon: FENNELAnethum foeniculumt0
Outcome: line sowing with manual weeding method is recommended to decrease the crop weed competition under rainfed conditions for obtaining higher yield of fennele0

Verbatim

t0
“FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–71

e0
“line sowing with manual weeding method is recommended to decrease the crop weed competition under rainfed conditions for obtaining higher yield of fennel.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1399–1553

Title

IMPROVING CROP COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.) AGAINST WEEDS THROUGH INTEGRATION OF SOWING AND WEEDING TECHNIQUES

Associate Professor, Deptt. of Agronomy, UAF, Fsd.; Safdar Ali; Muhammad Kashif; et al. Journal of Agricultural Research 2025. doi:10.58475/2025.63.2.595

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Fennel lowest weed density, weed dry weight and highest weed mortality and weed control efficiency under two hand weeding at 45 and 75 DAS was lowest.
Intervention effect Fennel Weed mortality percentage under manual weeding method was maximum (29.3 %).
Intervention effect Fennel weed control efficiency under manual weeding method was maximum (81.8 %).
Intervention effect Fennel weed control efficiency under sowing methods was un.
Intervention effect Fennel yield of fennel under line sowing method was maximum (493.1 kg/ha).
Intervention effect Fennel yield of fennel under ridge sowing was minimum (64.3 kg/ha).
Intervention effect Fennel yield under manual weeding method was maximum (509.9 kg/ha).
Intervention effect Fennel yield under weedy check plot was minimum (220.7 kg/ha).
Intervention effect Fennel benefit cost ratio under line sowing method was higher (1.98).
Intervention effect Fennel net profitability under manual weeding method was higher (89.88 %).

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The OAM seed treatments are a promising step toward treatments that lower sickness risk from sprouts without compromising yield

Taxon: alfalfaMedicago sativat0
Outcome: treatments that decrease sickness risks from consuming fresh sproutse5

Verbatim

e5
“Our results indicate a promising step towards implementing treatments that decrease sickness risks from consuming fresh sprouts without compromising production yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1863–2028

t0
“Alfalfa Seeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–26

Title

Treatment of Alfalfa Seeds With Food-grade Organic Acid Mixtures Reduces Loads of Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on Sprouts Without Reducing Germination Percentage or Sprout Mass

David F. Bridges; Alexander R. Hendricks; Nicholas J. Colella; et al. Journal of Food Protection 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100513

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Seed treatment with OAM formulations reduced E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium loads on alfalfa sprouts about 100-fold
Intervention effect Seed treatment with OAM formulations was more effective at reducing pathogen loads than solutions containing only the base organic acid ingredients
Intervention effect The 20,000 ppm NaClO seed treatment reduced pathogen loads over 1000-fold, more than the OAM treatments
Intervention effect All OAM treatments significantly increased germination percentage of alfalfa seeds compared with 20,000 ppm NaClO
Intervention effect Three of four tested OAMs gave significantly higher fresh sprout weight than NaClO treatment

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors advocate HDI_PM to maximize maize yield and PFPN.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: maximize yield and PFPNe0

Verbatim

e0
“we advocate for HDI_PM to maximize yield and PFPN”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1760–1809

t0
“high maize yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–78

Title

Film mulching can alleviate soil quality decrease and produce high maize yield under different irrigation strategies

Hao Quan; Lihong Wu; Jiaming Sun; et al. Agricultural Water Management 2024. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109221

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect HDI_PM gave the highest average maize yield, 15.77 t/ha, 54.77% above the control.
Intervention effect HDI_PM gave the highest irrigation water productivity, 3.73 kg/m3, 84.90% above the control.
Intervention effect HDI_PM gave the highest PFPN, 63.18 kg/kg, 96.93% above the control.
Observation SQI decreased in both soil layers under CK, BI_PM, MDI_PM and LDI_PM.
Observation No significant SQI variation was observed for HDI_PM in 2020 in topsoil or subsoil relative to the initial condition.
Association Low SQI, elevated temperatures and drought indices negatively affect maize yield.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors propose combining 200 kg ha-1 nitrate ammonium with bioherbicide to reduce broomrape harm and increase tomato yield.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
Treatment: 200 kg ha-1 nitrate ammonium along with the bioherbicidee0
Interactor: broomrapee0parasite
Outcome: decrease the detrimental impact of broomrape and to increase tomato yielde0

Verbatim

e0
“application of 200 kg ha-1 nitrate ammonium along with the bioherbicide can be a promising strategy to decrease the detrimental impact of broomrape and to increase tomato yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 802–978

Title

Effects of N fertilizer and a bioherbicide on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in a tomato field

Mahsa Ghaznavi; Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini; Ruhollah Naderi Iran agricultural research 2019. doi:10.22099/iar.2019.5290

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Applying 200 kg ha-1 nitrate ammonium reduced broomrape height by 18.7%.
Intervention effect Applying 200 kg ha-1 nitrate ammonium reduced broomrape biomass by 33.7%.
Intervention effect Applying 200 kg ha-1 nitrate ammonium increased tomato yield by up to 26.8%.
Intervention effect Bioherbigation significantly decreased broomrape height by 44.5%.
Intervention effect Bioherbigation significantly decreased broomrape dry biomass by 58.6%.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors propose 4:30 a.m. tapping to mitigate yield loss linked to declining relative humidity.

Taxon: RUBBERt0
Outcome: tapping starting at 4.30 a.m.e0
Qualifier: drop in relative humidity leading to a decrease in rubber yielde0

Verbatim

e0
“The tapping starting at 4.30 a.m. therefore appears as an alternative to reduce one of the harmful effects of climate change, namely the drop in relative humidity leading to a decrease in rubber yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 989–1189

t0
“RUBBER”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–49

Title

TIMING OF LATEX TAPPING AND ITS IMPACTS ON RUBBER YIELD AND TREE PHYSIOLOGY IN SOUTHEASTERN CÔTE D'IVOIRE AMID CLIMATE CHANGE

Kouadio, Jean-Baptiste Yao; Yao, Serge Patrice Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2026. doi:10.5281/zenodo.18340191

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Tapping at 4:30 a.m. prolonged latex flow relative to 6:00 a.m.
Intervention effect Tapping at 4:30 a.m. increased rubber yield by 20% relative to normal tapping.
Intervention effect Earlier tapping had no negative effect on rubber tree physiological status.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend these microbes as wheat seed inoculants to improve yield and reduce excessive P fertilizer use.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Interactor: Trichoderma hamatumTrichoderma hamatume1symbiont
Second interactor: Enterobacter sp.Enterobactere1symbiont
Outcome: effective seed inoculants to improve grain yield of wheat and to decrease over application of P fertilizerse0

Verbatim

e0
“these environmental friendly microorganisms can be used as an effective seed inoculants to improve grain yield of wheat and to decrease over application of P fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1305–1474

e1
“biopriming using Trichoderma hamatum and Enterobacter sp. as plant growth promoting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 59–142

Title

Evaluation of Growth and Yield Stability of Wheat by Application of Trichoderma and Enterobacter sp.

Faezeh Mohammadi Kashka; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Yasser Yaghoubian; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Fungal and PSB inoculations positively affected most studied wheat traits.
Intervention effect Enterobacter inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 19% without TSP.
Intervention effect Enterobacter inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 7% with 50 kg.ha-1 TSP.
Intervention effect Enterobacter inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 26% with 100 kg.ha-1 TSP.
Intervention effect Trichoderma increased wheat grain yield by 13% versus control.
Intervention effect Trichoderma increased wheat biological yield by 10% versus control.
Intervention effect Joint Enterobacter and Trichoderma inoculation enhanced wheat panicle length by 4%.
Intervention effect Joint inoculation enhanced wheat grain yield by 21%.
Intervention effect Joint inoculation enhanced an unnamed wheat trait by 10%.
Recommendation The authors suggest the microbes support soil productivity, particularly with TSP.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude salicylic acid and chitosan could reduce water-deficit harm to essential oil yield and carvacrol concentration.

Taxon: T. spicataThymbra spicatae1
Outcome: decrease the harmful effects of water deficit on the essential oil yield and the carvacrol concentratione0

Verbatim

e0
“the foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan could decrease the harmful effects of water deficit on the essential oil yield and the carvacrol concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1282–1447

e1
“T. spicata essential oil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1455–1479

Title

Effect of Foliar Applications of Salicylic Acid and Chitosan on the Essential Oil ofThymbra spicataL. under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

Maryam Momeni; Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti; Amir Mousavi; et al. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 2020. doi:10.1080/0972060x.2020.1801519

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Salicylic acid spray significantly improved essential oil yield relative to control.
Intervention effect Chitosan spray significantly improved essential oil yield relative to control.
Observation carvacrol, as the predominant constituent of the essential oil was identified in the essential oil at 48.40-79.1 %.
Observation γ-terpinene was identified in the essential oil at 7.27-25.62 %.
Observation limonene was identified in the essential oil at 3.62-10.35 %.
Observation p-cymene was identified in the essential oil at 1.69-6.44 %.
Observation β-caryophyllene was identified in the essential oil at 1-1.5 %.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid spraying increased essential-oil carvacrol content versus control.
Intervention effect Chitosan spraying increased essential-oil carvacrol content versus control.
Association Foliar application and soil moisture interacted significantly for essential oil.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid at 5.0 mM under deficit water stress gave the highest carvacrol percentage.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors supported using KSi with NaMo to reduce anthracnose and improve yield.

Taxon: bean plantse0
Treatment: a foliar spray of KSi in association with NaMoe0
Interactor: Anthracnoset0pathogen
Outcome: decrease anthracnose symptoms in bean plants and, consequently, achieve greater yielde0

Verbatim

e0
“The results of the present study support the novel possibility of using a foliar spray of KSi in association with NaMo to decrease anthracnose symptoms in bean plants and, consequently, achieve greater yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1817–2025

t0
“Anthracnose in Common Bean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–40

Title

Management of Anthracnose in Common Bean by Foliar Sprays of Potassium Silicate, Sodium Molybdate, and Fungicide

L. R. Polanco; F. A. Rodrigues; E. N. Moreira; et al. Plant Disease 2013. doi:10.1094/pdis-03-13-0251-re

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Azox reduced mean AUDPC by 63%.
Intervention effect Azox increased mean yield by 150%.
Intervention effect KSi reduced mean AUDPC by 29%.
Intervention effect NaMo reduced mean AUDPC by 14%.
Intervention effect KSi + NaMo reduced mean AUDPC by 41%.
Intervention effect KSi increased mean yield by 13%.
Intervention effect NaMo increased mean yield by 20%.
Intervention effect KSi + NaMo increased mean yield by 47%.
Intervention effect KSi did not significantly affect LAI, LAD, HAD or RI.
Intervention effect NaMo significantly increased LAI, HLAI and LAD.
Intervention effect NaMo significantly increased HAD, RI and healthy leaf area light capture.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend improving pollen viability and reducing embryo sac dysplasia and embryo abortion to increase seed yield.

Taxon: Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguumt0
Outcome: improve pollen viability, to decrease embryo sac dysplasia and to reduce embryo abortione0

Verbatim

t0
“Caucasian clover”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–92

e0
“the breeding aim should be to improve pollen viability, to decrease embryo sac dysplasia and to reduce embryo abortion that could be targeted for genetic improvement to enhance seed yields.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1571–1760

Title

Morphology of flower bud differentiation and floral organ specialization in Caucasian clover

Hui‐min Zhang; Ming‐jiu Wang; John Hampton; et al. Grass and Forage Science 2024. doi:10.1111/gfs.12658

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Caucasian clover flower bud differentiation has six consecutive stages.
Observation The anther has two chambers.
Observation Pollen grains have six developmental phases.
Observation The microspore tetrad is tetrahedral and mature pollen grains are bicellular.
Observation Pollen grain viability was 35%.
Observation The monocarpelate ovary contains one or two ovules covered by two layer integuments.
Observation The ovule is anatropous.
Observation Embryo sac development is polygonum type.
Observation The floral formula was reported.
Mechanism Two pollen sacs and low pollen viability may explain low natural seed setting.
Mechanism Embryo sac dysplasia and resulting ovule sterility may also explain poor seed setting.

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“yield decrease”

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