Search claims · PlantClaims

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors judge that the primary ill-effect of deep transplantation was delayed rooting, caused by abnormal elongation of the tillering node, which reduced tiller number and consequently head number.

Taxon: Rice PlantOryza sativat0
Treatment: deep transplantatione0
Outcome: decrease of the number of tillers and consequently that of headse0
Qualifier: retardation of rooting caused by the abnormal elongation of tillering nodee0

Verbatim

e0
“the primary ill-effect of deep transplantation seemed to be the retardation of rooting caused by the abnormal elongation of tillering node, which induced the decrease of the number of tillers and consequently that of heads”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1456–1678

t0
“Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–76

Title

Effect of Depth of Transplantation on the Growth and Yield of the Rice Plant

Saburo FUNAKOSHI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1962. doi:10.1626/jcs.31.69

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Deep transplantation delayed the stage of maximum tiller number in rice.
Intervention effect Deep transplantation slightly delayed the heading and ripening stages in rice.
Intervention effect In the early growth stage, deep transplantation decreased plant height and tiller number in rice compared with shallow transplantation.
Intervention effect At the ripening stage, no difference was found between deep and shallow transplantation in plant height, stem length and leaf number on the main stem.
Intervention effect Deeply transplanted plots could not catch up with shallowly transplanted plots in tiller number.
Intervention effect Deeply transplanted plots ended with a small number of heads compared with shallowly transplanted plots.
Intervention effect Deeply transplanted plots had high ratios of effective tillers despite their lower tiller number.
Association The number of heads was negatively correlated with the number of spikelets per head.
Association The number of heads was positively correlated with the number of spikelets per unit area.
Association The percentage of ripened grains and the 1,000-grain weight decreased as the number of heads increased.
Intervention effect No significant difference in yield was found between deep and shallow transplantation, though yield was slightly better with shallow transplantation.
Observation Clear compensatory reactions were observed between yield components of rice.
Intervention effect A shallowly transplanted plant always showed vigorous growth, high yield and a large individual variation.
Intervention effect Even with little yield difference between transplanting depths, plant growth was considerably affected.
Recommendation The authors suggest an optimum transplanting depth of about 3 cm, depending on cultivation conditions.
Observation Ill-effects were found when rice was transplanted above 5 cm depth.

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest metabolic differences may explain contrasting grain-yield responses to nitrogen supply.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Treatment: increasing amounts of nitrogene0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Qualifier: differences as seen in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolisme0

Verbatim

e0
“Such differences as seen in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism between the suitable variety and the unsuitable one may have brought a smaller increase or rather a decrease in the grain yield of the former as compared with the latter when they are supplied with increasing amounts of nitrogen.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 719–1013

e1
“rice breeding”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 35–48

Title

Studies on the Varietal Adaptability for Heavy Manuring in Rice : 1. Varietal differences in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism affected by different supply of nitrogen

Yasuo TAKAHASHI; Iwaho IWATA; Isamu BABA Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1959. doi:10.1626/jcs.28.22

Other claims from this paper (2)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Higher grain yield of Asa under early sowing may be due to its maintenance of high dry matter production after the jointing stage.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivume1
Material: Asa (Vrn-D1b)e7
Outcome: grain yielde7
Qualifier: maintaining high dry matter production after the jointing stagee7

Verbatim

e1
“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield is predicted to decrease in the future because of an increase in air temperature globally”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–130

e7
“the higher grain yield of Asa (Vrn-D1b) than that of ‘Asakazekomugi’ under early-sown conditions could be due to Asa (Vrn-D1b) maintaining high dry matter production after the jointing stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1325–1515

Title

Evaluation of dry matter production and yield in early-sown wheat using near-isogenic lines for the vernalization locus Vrn-D1

Hiroko Sawada; Hiromi Matsuyama; Hitoshi Matsunaka; et al. Plant Production Science 2019. doi:10.1080/1343943x.2018.1563495

Other claims from this paper (5)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Alternative electron transport explained more of the wheat quantum yield response under drought.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Treatment: droughte0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Outcome: temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yielde0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Qualifier: alternative electron transporte0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Verbatim

e0
“but more to alternative electron transport”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1541–1583

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 121–126

e1
“well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1298

e2
“T opt for V cmax was up to 40°C under well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1298

e3
“The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1392

e4
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

e5
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

Title

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang; Pierre Martre; Kaining Jin; et al. Global Change Biology 2022. doi:10.1111/gcb.16488

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Wheat photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to growth temperature.
Intervention effect Drought lowered the optimum temperature of wheat photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat light‐saturated net photosynthesis at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat stomatal conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat mesophyll conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax reached 40°C when well watered.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax was 24–34°C under drought.
Association The decrease in wheat photosynthesis under drought varied with growth temperature.
Observation The drought decrease in wheat photosynthesis was similar across genotypes.
Mechanism Photorespiration partly explained the temperature response of wheat photosynthetic quantum yield under drought.
Mechanism Changed wheat leaf nitrogen did not fully explain the biochemical parameter changes.
Observation Wheat diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis parameters acclimated little to growth temperature.
Observation Wheat photosynthetic parameters acclimated considerably to drought and combined drought and growth temperature.
Method / resource Common models strongly overestimated wheat leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Photorespiration partly explained the temperature response of wheat photosynthetic quantum yield under drought.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Treatment: droughte0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Outcome: temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yielde0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Qualifier: photorespiratione0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Verbatim

e0
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 121–126

e1
“well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1298

e2
“T opt for V cmax was up to 40°C under well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1298

e3
“The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1392

e4
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

e5
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

Title

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang; Pierre Martre; Kaining Jin; et al. Global Change Biology 2022. doi:10.1111/gcb.16488

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Wheat photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to growth temperature.
Intervention effect Drought lowered the optimum temperature of wheat photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat light‐saturated net photosynthesis at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat stomatal conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat mesophyll conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax reached 40°C when well watered.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax was 24–34°C under drought.
Association The decrease in wheat photosynthesis under drought varied with growth temperature.
Observation The drought decrease in wheat photosynthesis was similar across genotypes.
Mechanism Alternative electron transport explained more of the wheat quantum yield response under drought.
Mechanism Changed wheat leaf nitrogen did not fully explain the biochemical parameter changes.
Observation Wheat diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis parameters acclimated little to growth temperature.
Observation Wheat photosynthetic parameters acclimated considerably to drought and combined drought and growth temperature.
Method / resource Common models strongly overestimated wheat leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The increase in nonphotochemical quenching during senescence is suggested to result from a higher rate constant of thermal dissipation by PSII.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: non-photochemical quenchinge5
Qualifier: rate constant of thermal dissipation of excitation energy by PSIIe5

Verbatim

e5
“Theoretical analyses of fluorescence parameters under steady-state photosynthesis suggest that the increase in the non-photochemical quenching was due to an increase in the rate constant of thermal dissipation of excitation energy by PSII and that the decrease in the quantum yield of PSII electron transport was associated with a decrease in the rate constant of PSII photochemistry”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 966–1349

t0
“senescent leaves of maize plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–82

Title

Modifications in photosystem II photochemistry in senescent leaves of maize plants

C. Lu; J. Zhang Journal of Experimental Botany 1998. doi:10.1093/jxb/49.327.1671

Other claims from this paper (11)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decline in pod number corresponded to reduced plant dry matter production, supporting determination by assimilate supply.

Taxon: rape plantsBrassica napust0
Outcome: pod numbere0
Qualifier: assimilate supplye0

Verbatim

e0
“The extent of decrease in pod number that resulted from a treatment, corresponded to the decrease in dry matter production of plant due to the treatment. Since there wils no substantial difference in the relationships between dry matter production of plant and pod number in the both treatments, pod number was considered to be determined by assimilate supply”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2034–2393

t0
“Studies on matter production of rape plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–44

Title

Studies on matter production of rape plants. VIII. Effects of shading, leaf cutting and pod thinning treatments on yield and its components.

Shinobu INANAGA; Atsuhiko KUMURA; Kunio ETHO; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1986. doi:10.1626/jcs.55.20

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Pod number rose until flowering ended, then fell rapidly as young upper pods aborted, stabilizing a week later.
Intervention effect Early flowering shading significantly reduced pod number.
Intervention effect Early flowering leaf cutting significantly reduced pod number.
Intervention effect Shading through the end of flowering significantly affected seeds per pod, whereas later shading did not.
Intervention effect Leaf cutting through the end of flowering significantly affected seeds per pod, whereas later cutting did not.
Intervention effect Treatments applied by one week after flowering significantly affected dry weight per seed.
Observation Final yield components became fixed in the order pod number, seeds per pod, then seed dry weight.
Intervention effect Whole-plant shading reduced dry matter production per pod but had little or only slight effect on seeds per pod.
Intervention effect Pod thinning greatly increased dry matter production per pod without increasing seed number.
Intervention effect Leaf cutting greatly reduced seed number even with dry matter production per pod similar to control.
Mechanism The authors infer that unknown leaf substances regulate seed set more than assimilate supply.
Association Seed dry weight closely correlated with dry matter production per seed after pod thinning, leaf cutting and whole-plant shading.
Association Oil percentage in seed rose with dry matter production per seed.
Association Protein content fell as dry matter production per seed increased.
Association Other non-oil and non-protein constituents fell more rapidly as dry matter production per seed increased.

Mechanismobservedreview summarymeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Accumulated leaf CO2 impairs Rubisco activity through reduced assimilation.

Taxon: plantt0
Gene: Rubiscoe0
Compound: CO 2e0
Outcome: Rubisco activitye0
Direction: impairmente0

Verbatim

e0
“The increase in the CO 2 concentration accumulated on the leaf leads to impairment of Rubisco activity due to decrease in CO 2 assimilation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1268–1407

t0
“Plant Growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 63–75

Title

Review of Negative Impact of Extreme Temperature Elevations on Plant Growth, Development and Crop Yield using Mathematical Equations

Paul O. Jaiyeola; Funmilola A. Oluwafemi; Abdullahi Ayegba; et al. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) 2021. doi:10.31873/ijeas.8.4.05

Other claims from this paper (12)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

EL and PAL activities were described as primary mechanisms affecting active constituent contents.

Taxon: S. baicalensisScutellaria baicalensise0
Gene: EL and PALe0
Outcome: active constituent contentse0

Verbatim

e0
“EL and PAL activities were the primary physiological mechanisms affecting the active constituent contents of S. baicalensis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2349–2472

Title

Drought stress at different growth stages decrease dry weight and active constituent yield accumulation by inhibiting root morphology in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Junling Guo; Yiyang Sun; Zhiwang Rao; et al. Industrial Crops and Products 2024. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120280

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Leaf-extension drought reduced root dry weight by 48.87 % relative to CK.
Intervention effect Seed-ripening drought reduced root dry weight by 21.22 % relative to CK.
Intervention effect SRS stress decreased harvest root dry weight by 11.43 % compared with LES stress.
Observation Drought significantly reduced yields of baicalin, baicalein and wogonoside.
Observation Drought significantly reduced wogonin yield.
Association Main root diameter, surface area and volume positively influenced root dry weight and explained 64.74 % of variance.
Association Root dry weight was the major contributor to active constituent yield.
Recommendation Water supply during later growth is recommended to mitigate severe drought.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilizer during panicle differentiation could reduce methane emissions.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Treatment: Nitrogen fertilizer applied during panicle differentiatione0
Outcome: CH4 emissionse0
Direction: reducinge0

Verbatim

e0
“Nitrogen fertilizer applied during panicle differentiation could improve the root physiology and decrease the ETOC/yield and ETOC/root, therefore reducing CH4 emissions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1045–1213

e1
“japonica rice cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–279

Title

Rice Cultivar Renewal Reduces Methane Emissions by Improving Root Traits and Optimizing Photosynthetic Carbon Allocation

Siyu Li; Lu Chen; Xian Han; et al. Agriculture 2022. doi:10.3390/agriculture12122134

Other claims from this paper (8)

Association Newer rice cultivars yielded 18.8–93.9% more than 1950s cultivars.
Association Newer rice cultivars emitted 9.5–41.2% less methane than 1950s cultivars.
Observation Daily and cumulative methane emissions during panicle differentiation were significantly reduced.
Intervention effect Cultivar renewal increased root biomass, root/shoot ratio and root oxidation activity.
Intervention effect Cultivar renewal increased total organic carbon in root exudates.
Intervention effect Cultivar renewal decreased ETOC ratios to yield and biomass.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilizer during panicle differentiation improved root physiology.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilizer during panicle differentiation reduced ETOC/yield and ETOC/root ratios.

“yield decrease”

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