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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Reducing N by 28% produced no significant difference in sink and source characteristics of Tianyou 998.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Material: Tianyou 998e4
Treatment: Reduction of N by 28%e4
Outcome: sink and source characteristicse0
Direction: no significant differencee4
Comparator: conventional Ne1
Setting: field experimente0

Verbatim

e0
“on rice sink and source characteristics were studied using four varieties(Yuejingsimiao 2,Guixiangzhan,Huayou 8305 and Tianyou 998) in field experiment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 115–266

e1
“Compared by conventional N,reduction of N by 28% would maintain or promote the rice source and sink coordination,which resulted in no significant decrease in yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–430

e4
“Reduction of N by 28% improved sink capacity and ratio of spikelets No.and leaf area in Yuejingsimiao 2 and Guixiangzhan,improved available filled ratio of sink in Huayou 8305,while there was no significant difference in Tianyou 998”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 643–875

Title

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Source and Sink Characteristics of Early /Late Season Rice in South China and Their Mechanism

MO Zhao-we 2013

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% relative to conventional N caused no significant decrease in rice yield.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% would maintain or promote rice source and sink coordination relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% increased grain yield of Yuejingsimiao 2 by 11.99% relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% increased grain yield of Guixiangzhan by 5.51% relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% increased grain yield of Huayou 8305 by 6.46% relative to conventional N.
Mechanism The yield increase under 28% N reduction is attributed to enhanced photosynthesis or sheath and stem transfer ability in rice.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% improved sink capacity, spikelet ratio and leaf area of Yuejingsimiao 2 relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% improved sink capacity, spikelet ratio and leaf area of Guixiangzhan relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% improved the available filled ratio of sink in Huayou 8305 relative to conventional N.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ) at the photosynthetic optimum.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Treatment: Droughte0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Outcome: maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax )e0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Direction: loweringe0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Comparator: well‐waterede0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Verbatim

e0
“Drought affected photosynthesis by lowering its optimum temperature ( T opt ) and the values at T opt of light‐saturated net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, the maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) and the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 941–1235

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 121–126

e1
“well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1298

e2
“T opt for V cmax was up to 40°C under well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1298

e3
“The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1392

e4
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

e5
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

Title

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang; Pierre Martre; Kaining Jin; et al. Global Change Biology 2022. doi:10.1111/gcb.16488

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Wheat photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to growth temperature.
Intervention effect Drought lowered the optimum temperature of wheat photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat light‐saturated net photosynthesis at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat stomatal conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat mesophyll conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax reached 40°C when well watered.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax was 24–34°C under drought.
Association The decrease in wheat photosynthesis under drought varied with growth temperature.
Observation The drought decrease in wheat photosynthesis was similar across genotypes.
Mechanism Photorespiration partly explained the temperature response of wheat photosynthetic quantum yield under drought.
Mechanism Alternative electron transport explained more of the wheat quantum yield response under drought.
Mechanism Changed wheat leaf nitrogen did not fully explain the biochemical parameter changes.
Observation Wheat diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis parameters acclimated little to growth temperature.
Observation Wheat photosynthetic parameters acclimated considerably to drought and combined drought and growth temperature.
Method / resource Common models strongly overestimated wheat leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dividend-Star 36 FS seed dressing reduced seedling mortality to 1.69% versus the control plots.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree0
Treatment: Dividend-Star 36 FSe5
Interactor: Ustilago hordeiUstilago hordeie2pathogen
Outcome: seedling mortalitye5
Direction: decreaseinferrede5
Value: 1.69%e5
Comparator: control plotse3

Verbatim

e0
“Barley is an important field crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

e2
“identify the efficient seed dressing synthetic fungicide against Ustilago hordei causing covered smut of barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 69–180

e5
“The seed dressing fungicide Dividend-Star 36 FS ranked third and sowing of barley with Dividend inoculated seed resulted in 171.67 seed germination m-2, 1.69% seedling mortality, 2.51 grains infected by covered smut, 4.85 percent infected grain, 380.67 spikes m-2, 34.61 grains spike-1, 10.30cm spike length and 2980.70kg ha-1 grain yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1244–1582

e3
“The control plots, where the barley was sown without seed inoculation ranked least (4th) and resulted in 159 seed germination m-2, 3.68% seedling mortality, 3.81 grains infected by covered smut, 10.63 percent infected grain, 333.33 spikes m-2, 34.67 grains spike-1, 10.03cm spike length and 2591kg ha-1 yield of the grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1584–1905

Title

Identification of Effective Seed Dressing Synthetic Fungicide against Covered Smut of Barley

Nawab Ali Ghouri; Muhammad Waris Phytopathogenomics and Disease Control 2024. doi:10.22194/pdc/3.1034

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Topsin-M seed dressing reduced covered-smut infected grain to 2.08 percent versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Topsin-M seed dressing increased barley grain yield to 3220.70 kg/ha versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Topsin-M seed dressing reduced seedling mortality to 0.70% versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Bayton 10 DS seed dressing reduced covered-smut infected grain to 3.05 percent versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Bayton 10 DS seed dressing increased barley grain yield to 3037.70 kg/ha versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Bayton 10 DS seed dressing reduced seedling mortality to 1.11% versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Dividend-Star 36 FS seed dressing reduced covered-smut infected grain to 4.85 percent versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Dividend-Star 36 FS seed dressing increased barley grain yield to 2980.70 kg/ha versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Topsin-M was the best of the treated seed dressing fungicides for minimizing covered smut in barley.
Intervention effect All seed dressing treatments were effective compared with the control and minimized covered smut in barley.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ALA increased antenna transformation efficiency and RuBPCase and FDPase activities under suboptimal conditions.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativuse1
Treatment: 0.5 mg·L-1 ALAe0
Outcome: Fv'/Fm',and activities of RuBPCase and FDPasee0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application of 0.5 mg·L-1 ALA increased the Pn.Gs,CE,AQY,ΦPSⅡ,qP,Fv'/Fm',and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1043

e1
“suboptimal temperature and light intensity decreased the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),carboxylation efficiency(CE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),photochemical quenching(qP),antenna transformation efficiency(Fv'/Fm'),and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase of cucumber seedlings,but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 322–718

e2
“compared with the normal temperature and light intensity,suboptimal temperature and light intensity led to significant decrease in the light compensation point(LCP)and CO2 compensation point(CCP)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 731–926

Title

Effects of ALA on photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity.

Yumei Liu; Ai Xizhen; Xianchang Yu Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2010

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Suboptimal temperature and light reduced cucumber seedling net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced apparent quantum yield and actual PSII photochemical efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced photochemical quenching, antenna transformation efficiency, and RuBPCase and FDPase activities.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions significantly decreased light and CO2 compensation points.
Intervention effect ALA increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA increased apparent quantum yield, actual PSII efficiency and photochemical quenching under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and light and CO2 compensation points under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors inferred nonstomatal limitation was the main cause of decreased photosynthetic rate under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors interpreted ALA as alleviating adverse suboptimal-condition effects on seedling photosynthesis.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intercropping increased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates by 3.00-15.69%.

Treatment: intercroppede4
Outcome: mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD)e5
Direction: increasee5
Value: 3.00-15.69%e5

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e4
“the intercropped maize root length density (RLD) increased by 33.94-102.84% in the 0-40 cm soil layer, which contributed to an increase in the soil porosity (SP) of 5.58-10.10% in the 0-30 cm soil layer”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1300–1502

e5
“an increase in the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) of 3.00-15.69%, an increase in the geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates (GMD) of 8.16-26.42%, a decrease in the soil bulk density (SBD) of 4.02-7.35%, and an increase in the soil organic matter content (SOM) of 0.60-4.35%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1504–1796

Title

Rice Under Dry Cultivation–Maize Intercropping Improves Soil Environment and Increases Total Yield by Regulating Belowground Root Growth

Zhihai Wu; Bei Xue; Shiwen Wang; et al. Plants 2024. doi:10.3390/plants13212957

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Rice under dry cultivation-maize intercropping increased total yield by 8.63% compared with monoculture.
Observation Competition indices A, K and ATER were positive or at least 1, indicating a yield advantage of rice-maize intercropping.
Observation The competition ratio (CR) of rice-maize intercropping was positive or at least 1, indicating a yield advantage.
Intervention effect Intercropped maize root length density increased by 33.94-102.84% in the 0-40 cm soil layer.
Intervention effect Intercropping increased soil porosity by 5.58-10.10% in the 0-30 cm soil layer.
Intervention effect Intercropping increased the geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates by 8.16-26.42%.
Intervention effect Intercropping decreased soil bulk density by 4.02-7.35%.
Intervention effect Intercropping increased soil organic matter content by 0.60-4.35%.
Intervention effect Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in the plant was significantly higher in intercropping than in monoculture.
Recommendation Rice under dry cultivation-maize intercropping is feasible in Northeast China.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intercropping increased the geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates by 8.16-26.42%.

Treatment: intercroppede4
Outcome: geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates (GMD)e5
Direction: increasee5
Value: 8.16-26.42%e5

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e4
“the intercropped maize root length density (RLD) increased by 33.94-102.84% in the 0-40 cm soil layer, which contributed to an increase in the soil porosity (SP) of 5.58-10.10% in the 0-30 cm soil layer”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1300–1502

e5
“an increase in the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) of 3.00-15.69%, an increase in the geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates (GMD) of 8.16-26.42%, a decrease in the soil bulk density (SBD) of 4.02-7.35%, and an increase in the soil organic matter content (SOM) of 0.60-4.35%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1504–1796

Title

Rice Under Dry Cultivation–Maize Intercropping Improves Soil Environment and Increases Total Yield by Regulating Belowground Root Growth

Zhihai Wu; Bei Xue; Shiwen Wang; et al. Plants 2024. doi:10.3390/plants13212957

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Rice under dry cultivation-maize intercropping increased total yield by 8.63% compared with monoculture.
Observation Competition indices A, K and ATER were positive or at least 1, indicating a yield advantage of rice-maize intercropping.
Observation The competition ratio (CR) of rice-maize intercropping was positive or at least 1, indicating a yield advantage.
Intervention effect Intercropped maize root length density increased by 33.94-102.84% in the 0-40 cm soil layer.
Intervention effect Intercropping increased soil porosity by 5.58-10.10% in the 0-30 cm soil layer.
Intervention effect Intercropping increased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates by 3.00-15.69%.
Intervention effect Intercropping decreased soil bulk density by 4.02-7.35%.
Intervention effect Intercropping increased soil organic matter content by 0.60-4.35%.
Intervention effect Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in the plant was significantly higher in intercropping than in monoculture.
Recommendation Rice under dry cultivation-maize intercropping is feasible in Northeast China.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat stress significantly increased ethylene evolution rate of young panicles.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Organ / stage: young paniclese6
Treatment: heat-stresse6
Outcome: ethylene evolution ratee6
Direction: increasede6
Comparator: natural temperature (the mean temperature during the day 33℃, CK)e1

Verbatim

e0
“in reproduction of rice plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 44–74

e1
“Two indica rice cultivars with different heat-tolerance, Shuanggui 1 (heat-sensitive) and Huanghuazhan (heat-tolerant), were pot-grown and subjected to treatments of heat-stress (the mean temperature during the day 35℃) and natural temperature (the mean temperature during the day 33℃, CK)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 316–605

e6
“The heat-stress significantly reduced root oxidation activity and ribonucleic acid (RNA) content of young panicles, and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaves and ethylene evolution rate of young panicles, and the extent of the decrease or increase was more in Shuanggui 1 than in Huanghuazhan”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1223–1541

Title

Effect of Heat-Stress during Meiosis on Grain Yield of Rice Cultivars Differing in Heat-Tolerance and Its Physiological Mechanism

Cao Yun ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2008

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Heat stress during meiosis significantly reduced anther dehiscence and pollen fertility rate of Shuanggui 1.
Intervention effect Heat stress during meiosis much less affected anther dehiscence and pollen fertility rate of Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Heat stress during meiosis significantly decreased spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight in both cultivars.
Intervention effect Heat stress during meiosis significantly reduced grain yield in both cultivars.
Intervention effect Heat stress reduced grain yield more in Shuanggui 1 than in Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Heat stress significantly decreased grain width of Shuanggui 1.
Intervention effect Heat stress obviously increased the ratio of length to width of grain in Shuanggui 1.
Intervention effect Heat stress less affected grain width and the ratio of length to width of grain in Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Heat stress significantly reduced root oxidation activity.
Intervention effect Heat stress significantly reduced ribonucleic acid content of young panicles.
Intervention effect Heat stress significantly increased malondialdehyde content of leaves.
Intervention effect The heat-induced decrease or increase in these physiological indicators was greater in Shuanggui 1 than in Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Heat stress significantly increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of leaves in Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Heat stress much less affected peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of leaves in Shuanggui 1.
Mechanism Stronger root activity, antioxidative defense, greater RNA content, and less ethylene synthesis and lower MDA content would be physiological mechanisms maintaining higher grain yield in the heat-tolerant cultivar.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Under chilling stress, actual photochemical efficiency of PS2, photosynthesis and photorespiration declined more significantly in the abaxial side than in the adaxial side.

Taxon: Rumex K-1e4
Organ / stage: abaxial sidee2
Treatment: chilling stresse2
Outcome: actual photochemical efficiency of PS2, photosynthesis, and photorespiratione2
Direction: declined more significantlye2
Comparator: adaxial sidee1

Verbatim

e2
“Under chilling stress, the actual photochemical efficiency of PS2, photosynthesis, and photorespiration all declined more significantly in the abaxial side”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 783–938

e1
“The maximum quantum yield of photosystem (PS) 2 and fraction of functional PS1 in the abaxial side decreased more markedly than those in the adaxial side during the chilling treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 347–530

e4
“Both the slower decrease in the photochemical quenching and the higher non-photochemical quenching may account for the higher resistance to chilling stress in the adaxial side of Rumex K-1 leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1223–1418

Title

The higher resistance to chilling stress in adaxial side of Rumex K-1 leaves is accompanied with higher photochemical and non-photochemical quenching

P. M. Li; P. Fang; W. B. Wang; et al. Photosynthetica 2007. doi:10.1007/s11099-007-0086-1

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integration method increased fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare by 23.04% versus the control.

Taxon: cassavaManihot esculentat0
Treatment: integration methode0
Outcome: fresh weight of tuberous root per hectaree0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 23.04%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

t0
“cassava”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–71

e0
“Compared with the control,integration method brought about the increase of 11.14%,15.06%,12.44%,21.43%,32.39%,23.04% and 7697.90 yuan/ha on cassava stem diameter,tuberous root diameter,tuberous root length,tuberous root number per plant,tuberous root weight per plant,fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare and benefit,increase of 8.84%,8.73%,5.22%,7.56%,3.08%,15.51% and 9.86% on available nitrogen,phosphorus,potass…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–1258

Title

Effects of integrated fertilization and tillage technologies on cassava yield and physical and chemical properties of soil

HE Yong-qu Nanfang nongye xuebao 2014

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect The integration method increased cassava stem diameter by 11.14% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root diameter by 15.06% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root length by 12.44% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root number per plant by 21.43% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root weight per plant by 32.39% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased benefit by 7697.90 yuan/ha versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased available nitrogen by 8.84% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased phosphorus by 8.73% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased potassium by 5.22% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased organic matter by 7.56% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased pH by 3.08% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased moisture content by 15.51% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased total porosity by 9.86% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method decreased soil bulk density by 5.63 % versus the control.
Recommendation The authors recommend the integrated fertilization and tillage method for cassava production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dividend-Star 36 FS seed dressing reduced covered-smut infected grain to 4.85 percent versus the control plots.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree0
Treatment: Dividend-Star 36 FSe5
Interactor: Ustilago hordeiUstilago hordeie2pathogen
Outcome: infected graine5
Direction: decreaseinferrede5
Value: 4.85 percente5
Comparator: control plotse3

Verbatim

e0
“Barley is an important field crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

e2
“identify the efficient seed dressing synthetic fungicide against Ustilago hordei causing covered smut of barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 69–180

e5
“The seed dressing fungicide Dividend-Star 36 FS ranked third and sowing of barley with Dividend inoculated seed resulted in 171.67 seed germination m-2, 1.69% seedling mortality, 2.51 grains infected by covered smut, 4.85 percent infected grain, 380.67 spikes m-2, 34.61 grains spike-1, 10.30cm spike length and 2980.70kg ha-1 grain yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1244–1582

e3
“The control plots, where the barley was sown without seed inoculation ranked least (4th) and resulted in 159 seed germination m-2, 3.68% seedling mortality, 3.81 grains infected by covered smut, 10.63 percent infected grain, 333.33 spikes m-2, 34.67 grains spike-1, 10.03cm spike length and 2591kg ha-1 yield of the grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1584–1905

Title

Identification of Effective Seed Dressing Synthetic Fungicide against Covered Smut of Barley

Nawab Ali Ghouri; Muhammad Waris Phytopathogenomics and Disease Control 2024. doi:10.22194/pdc/3.1034

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Topsin-M seed dressing reduced covered-smut infected grain to 2.08 percent versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Topsin-M seed dressing increased barley grain yield to 3220.70 kg/ha versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Topsin-M seed dressing reduced seedling mortality to 0.70% versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Bayton 10 DS seed dressing reduced covered-smut infected grain to 3.05 percent versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Bayton 10 DS seed dressing increased barley grain yield to 3037.70 kg/ha versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Bayton 10 DS seed dressing reduced seedling mortality to 1.11% versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Dividend-Star 36 FS seed dressing increased barley grain yield to 2980.70 kg/ha versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Dividend-Star 36 FS seed dressing reduced seedling mortality to 1.69% versus the control plots.
Intervention effect Topsin-M was the best of the treated seed dressing fungicides for minimizing covered smut in barley.
Intervention effect All seed dressing treatments were effective compared with the control and minimized covered smut in barley.

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“yield decrease”

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