Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Wheat diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis parameters acclimated little to growth temperature.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Treatment: T growthe0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Outcome: diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesise0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Direction: littlee0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Verbatim

e0
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 121–126

e1
“well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1298

e2
“T opt for V cmax was up to 40°C under well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1298

e3
“The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1392

e4
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

e5
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

Title

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang; Pierre Martre; Kaining Jin; et al. Global Change Biology 2022. doi:10.1111/gcb.16488

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Wheat photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to growth temperature.
Intervention effect Drought lowered the optimum temperature of wheat photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat light‐saturated net photosynthesis at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat stomatal conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat mesophyll conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax reached 40°C when well watered.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax was 24–34°C under drought.
Association The decrease in wheat photosynthesis under drought varied with growth temperature.
Observation The drought decrease in wheat photosynthesis was similar across genotypes.
Mechanism Photorespiration partly explained the temperature response of wheat photosynthetic quantum yield under drought.
Mechanism Alternative electron transport explained more of the wheat quantum yield response under drought.
Mechanism Changed wheat leaf nitrogen did not fully explain the biochemical parameter changes.
Observation Wheat photosynthetic parameters acclimated considerably to drought and combined drought and growth temperature.
Method / resource Common models strongly overestimated wheat leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat and salinity stress changed sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: HS and SSe0
Outcome: sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulatione0
Direction: increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“This study’s findings reveal that HS and SS caused a significant decrease in the growth and yield of wheat by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation; and decreasing relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA), as well as nutrient upta…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–1270

Title

Silicon Induces Heat and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat by Increasing Antioxidant Activities, Photosynthetic Activity, Nutrient Homeostasis, and Osmo-Protectant Synthesis

Ansa Aouz; Imran Khan; Muhammad Bilal Chattha; et al. Plants 2023. doi:10.3390/plants12142606

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed growth and yield.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA).
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg).
Intervention effect Silicon application changed growth and yield under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, RWC, antioxidant activity under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed TSP, FAA accumulation, and nutrient uptake (Ca, K, and Mg) under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2 under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed uptake of Na+ and Cl− under stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased the relative chlorophyll rate of leaves.

Taxon: Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
Material: Francyt0
Organ / stage: leavese1
Treatment: Pruning at the level of 4 canese1
Outcome: relative chlorophyll rate of leavese1
Direction: increasee1
Setting: Tikrit University, Iraqe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Effect of Pruning and Fertilization with Bio Fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) on Some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Francy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–155

e0
“Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering/Tikrit University, Iraq”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 64–140

e1
“Pruning at the level of 4 canes vine −1 at a rate of (48 eyes vine −1 ) led to a significant increase in the relative chlorophyll rate of leaves, cluster weight, percentage of soluble solids, total sugars, and anthocyanin rate in fruits, and a decrease in the total acidity rate in fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 804–1092

Title

Effect of Pruning and Fertilization with Bio Fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) on Some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Francy

Suzan Ali Hussein; Mahmood Fadhil Al-Doori IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012061

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased cluster weight.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased soluble solids, total sugars and anthocyanin rate in fruits.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine decreased total acidity rate in fruits.
Intervention effect Pruning at 6 canes per vine significantly increased the average number of clusters, reaching 25.62 gm.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 and 5 canes per vine gave a significant superiority in leaf area.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 and 5 canes per vine gave a significant superiority in yield per grapevine.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased leaf area to 78.11 cm2.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased relative chlorophyll content of leaves to 19.45 CCI.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased the average number of clusters to 25.11 clusters per vine.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased percentage of soluble solids to 16.84%.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased total sugars to 15.42%.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased fruit anthocyanin content to 0.67 mg 100g −1.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer at 15 and 30 gm per vine significantly affected cluster weight.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer at 15 and 30 gm per vine significantly affected grape yield.
Intervention effect Both biofertilizer levels reduced total acidity of the fruits to 0.38%.
Association The pruning by biofertilizer interaction had a clear significant effect on vegetative characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased electrical conductivity to 0.36 dS m-1.

Taxon: okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
Treatment: Nano urea and Nano DAP conjugated with potassiume1
Outcome: electrical conductivitye1
Direction: increasede1
Value: 0.36 dS m-1e1
Setting: field experimente3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“In addition to Nano urea and Nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased percentage pore space (48.59%), water holding capacity (45.99%), electrical conductivity (0.36 dS m-1), and available nitrogen (284.16 Kg ha-1), phosphorus (34.63 Kg ha-1), and potassium (256.03 Kg ha-1) and decrease in bulk density (1.29 Mg m-3), Partical density (2.40 Mg m-3), soil pH (7.47)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1328

e2
“yield of okra”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 584–597

e3
“A field experiment was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–32

Title

Effect of nano urea and nano dap conjugated with potassium on physical and chemical properties of soil, growth and yield of okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Sudha

Raghvendra Kumar Kushwaha; Ram Bharose; Mudit Tripathi; et al. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 2024. doi:10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i7h.1560

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium significantly enhanced soil properties, growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T9 (100% nano urea, 100% nano DAP and recommended potassium) gave the highest growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T8 (100% nano urea, 50% nano DAP and recommended potassium) followed T9 in growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T1 (no nano urea or nano DAP, recommended potassium only) gave the lowest growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased percentage pore space to 48.59%.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased water holding capacity to 45.99%.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased available nitrogen to 284.16 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased phosphorus to 34.63 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased potassium to 256.03 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased bulk density to 1.29 Mg m-3.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased particle density to 2.40 Mg m-3.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased soil pH to 7.47.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest benefit cost ratio (1: 6.195) for okra.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest net profit (212,266.60) for okra.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest yield (112.5 q ha-1) of okra.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased available nitrogen to 284.16 Kg ha-1.

Taxon: okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
Treatment: Nano urea and Nano DAP conjugated with potassiume1
Outcome: available nitrogene1
Direction: increasede1
Value: 284.16 Kg ha-1e1
Setting: field experimente3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“In addition to Nano urea and Nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased percentage pore space (48.59%), water holding capacity (45.99%), electrical conductivity (0.36 dS m-1), and available nitrogen (284.16 Kg ha-1), phosphorus (34.63 Kg ha-1), and potassium (256.03 Kg ha-1) and decrease in bulk density (1.29 Mg m-3), Partical density (2.40 Mg m-3), soil pH (7.47)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1328

e2
“yield of okra”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 584–597

e3
“A field experiment was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–32

Title

Effect of nano urea and nano dap conjugated with potassium on physical and chemical properties of soil, growth and yield of okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Sudha

Raghvendra Kumar Kushwaha; Ram Bharose; Mudit Tripathi; et al. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 2024. doi:10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i7h.1560

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium significantly enhanced soil properties, growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T9 (100% nano urea, 100% nano DAP and recommended potassium) gave the highest growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T8 (100% nano urea, 50% nano DAP and recommended potassium) followed T9 in growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T1 (no nano urea or nano DAP, recommended potassium only) gave the lowest growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased percentage pore space to 48.59%.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased water holding capacity to 45.99%.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased electrical conductivity to 0.36 dS m-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased phosphorus to 34.63 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased potassium to 256.03 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased bulk density to 1.29 Mg m-3.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased particle density to 2.40 Mg m-3.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased soil pH to 7.47.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest benefit cost ratio (1: 6.195) for okra.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest net profit (212,266.60) for okra.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest yield (112.5 q ha-1) of okra.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No weed growth occurred under the synthetic black and silver polyethylene mulches in the kinnow mandarin orchard.

Taxon: kinnow mandarine0
Treatment: synthetic mulches (black and silver polyethylene mulches)e1
Interactor: weede1weed
Outcome: weed growthe1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Setting: sub-mountainous zone of Punjab state of Indiae0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The study was carried out to ascertain the influence of different floor management practices in kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa) orchard on weed infestation, fruit yield and quality under sub-mountainous zone of Punjab state of India”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–252

e1
“No weed growth occurred under synthetic mulches (black and silver polyethylene mulches)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 527–614

Title

Weed management in kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa) orchards using various orchard floor management practices in sub-mountainous region of Punjab, India

Harmanjot Singh; Yogesh Khokhar; J.S. Brar Indian Journal of Weed Science 2023. doi:10.5958/0974-8164.2023.00085.0

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Mulching with subabul leaves significantly reduced the density and biomass of grassy and broad-leaved weeds in the kinnow orchard.
Intervention effect Mulching with locally abundant wild species significantly reduced the density and biomass of grassy and broad-leaved weeds in the kinnow orchard.
Intervention effect Black polyethylene mulch gave the maximum fruit size in kinnow mandarin, 6.29 cm length by 7.74 cm breadth.
Intervention effect Black polyethylene mulch gave the maximum fruit weight in kinnow mandarin, 160.13 g.
Intervention effect Black polyethylene mulch gave the maximum yield in kinnow mandarin, 71.63 kg per plant.
Intervention effect Total soluble solids (TSS) of kinnow fruit, 10.72UB, were significantly better under black polythene mulch.
Intervention effect Vitamin C of kinnow fruit, 40.28 mg/100g pulp, was significantly better under black polythene mulch.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Prolonged water stress after two deficit irrigation cycles decreased lemon balm growth and biomass production.

Taxon: Melissa officinalisMelissa officinalise1
Treatment: prolonged water stress after two deficit irrigation cyclese2
Outcome: plant growth and biomass productione2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2
Comparator: full irrigatione1

Verbatim

e1
“Melissa officinalis plants were cultivated under conventional and organic cropping systems, while in each system two irrigation regimes (full irrigation or deficit irrigation) were tested”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 469–656

e2
“prolonged water stress after two deficit irrigation cycles had detrimental effects on the plant growth and biomass production, whereas it significantly increased the essential oil yield, regardless of the cropping system (organic or conventional cultivation)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 874–1132

Title

Essential Oil Composition and Bioactive Properties of Lemon Balm Aerial Parts as Affected by Cropping System and Irrigation Regime

Antonios Chrysargyris; Spyridon A. Petropoulos; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Agronomy 2022. doi:10.3390/agronomy12030649

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly increased essential oil yield regardless of cropping system.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced stomatal conductance in both cropping systems.
Mechanism Growth inhibition was attributed to stomatal closure and carbon dioxide deprivation.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased total phenol and total flavonoid content, especially in the second harvest.
Intervention effect Organic cultivation increased total phenol and total flavonoid content, especially in the second harvest.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased antioxidant activity assayed by the FRAP method.
Intervention effect Organic cultivation increased antioxidant activity assayed by the FRAP method.
Observation DPPH and ABTS methods showed no differences among treatments in the second harvest.
Observation Ascorbic acid content increased in lemon balm.
Intervention effect Geranial and neral increased under organic cropping in the first harvest.
Intervention effect The organic cropping increase in geranial and neral was not observed in the second harvest.
Observation Cropping system and irrigation regime had a variable effect on lemon balm mineral content.
Recommendation Deficit irrigation is an ecofriendly practice for conventional and organic lemon balm cropping.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

In mid-mountain cenopopulations, Tanacetum vulgare flowers show a significant increase in the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids compared with foothill plants.

Taxon: Tanacetum vulgareTanacetum vulgaret0
Treatment: mid-mountain cenopopulationse0
Outcome: content of the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in flowerse0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: foothille0

Verbatim

t0
“common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–73

e0
“In mid-mountain cenopopulations compared with foothill a significant increase in the content of the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in flowers, shoot height, a decrease in the number of baskets in the inflorescence, the number of generative shoots, and the yield of raw materials were found”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2087–2390

Title

Ecological and biological features of common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) in the ecotopes of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

A. Ya. Tamakhina Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V M Kokov 2022. doi:10.55196/2411-3492-2022-1-35-5-14

Other claims from this paper (13)

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Disease severity was negatively correlated with insecticide spray frequency (r = −0.55).

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: insecticide spray frequencye1
Outcome: Disease severitye1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: r = −0.55e1

Verbatim

e0
“Fusarium ear rot (FER) reduces yield, quality, and safety of maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 22–88

e1
“Disease severity highly significantly ( p < 0.0001) correlated with biophysical factors such as insect infestation ( r = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and weed infestation ( r = 0.64, p < 0.0001) and agronomic practices such as nitrogen phosphorus sulfur fertilizer application rate ( r = −0.39, p < 0.0001) and insecticide spray frequency ( r = −0.55, p < 0.0001)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1576–1928

Title

Biophysical factors and agronomic practices associated with Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination of maize in multiple agroecosystems in Ethiopia

Temesgen Deressa; Girma Adugna; L. M. Suresh; et al. Crop Science 2023. doi:10.1002/csc2.21159

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1 gave near-complete control of field dodder at the second cutting in Urmia (99%).

Taxon: Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
Treatment: propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1e1
Interactor: Cuscuta campestrisCuscuta campestrise0parasite
Outcome: control of field doddere1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 99%e1
Setting: Urmiae1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Field dodder (Cuscuta campestris yuncker) is an important parasitic weed that has negative impacts on the growth and yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–154

e1
“propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1 provided complete control of field dodder in terms of percentage change in biomass at first (100%) and second (99%) cuttings of alfalfa in Urmia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 672–848

Title

Chemical Control of the Field Dodder (Cuscuta campestris) in New-Seeded Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Fariba Meighani; Ebrahim Mamnoei; Sepideh Hatami; et al. Agronomy 2024. doi:10.3390/agronomy14081643

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1 gave complete control of field dodder at the first cutting in Urmia (100%).
Intervention effect Imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha−1 gave 96% control of field dodder at the first cutting.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha−1 gave 87% control of field dodder at the second cutting.
Intervention effect Glyphosate gave reasonable control of field dodder at the first cutting (73%).
Intervention effect Glyphosate gave reasonable control of field dodder at the second cutting (82%).
Intervention effect Propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1 increased alfalfa biomass at the first cutting (up to 82%).
Intervention effect Propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1 increased alfalfa biomass at the second cutting (up to 81%).
Intervention effect Glyphosate at higher rates (307 and 348 g a.i. ha−1) significantly reduced alfalfa biomass through crop injury.
Recommendation Propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha−1 is recommended for highly effective control of field dodder in alfalfa without compromising crop yield.

“yield decrease”

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