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“yield decrease”

6,864 matches

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plus 31 earlier · 1910s–1940s

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integration method increased tuberous root number per plant by 21.43% versus the control.

Taxon: cassavaManihot esculentat0
Treatment: integration methode0
Outcome: tuberous root number per plante0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 21.43%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

t0
“cassava”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–71

e0
“Compared with the control,integration method brought about the increase of 11.14%,15.06%,12.44%,21.43%,32.39%,23.04% and 7697.90 yuan/ha on cassava stem diameter,tuberous root diameter,tuberous root length,tuberous root number per plant,tuberous root weight per plant,fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare and benefit,increase of 8.84%,8.73%,5.22%,7.56%,3.08%,15.51% and 9.86% on available nitrogen,phosphorus,potass…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–1258

Title

Effects of integrated fertilization and tillage technologies on cassava yield and physical and chemical properties of soil

HE Yong-qu Nanfang nongye xuebao 2014

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect The integration method increased cassava stem diameter by 11.14% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root diameter by 15.06% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root length by 12.44% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root weight per plant by 32.39% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare by 23.04% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased benefit by 7697.90 yuan/ha versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased available nitrogen by 8.84% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased phosphorus by 8.73% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased potassium by 5.22% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased organic matter by 7.56% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased pH by 3.08% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased moisture content by 15.51% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased total porosity by 9.86% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method decreased soil bulk density by 5.63 % versus the control.
Recommendation The authors recommend the integrated fertilization and tillage method for cassava production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integration method increased tuberous root weight per plant by 32.39% versus the control.

Taxon: cassavaManihot esculentat0
Treatment: integration methode0
Outcome: tuberous root weight per plante0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 32.39%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

t0
“cassava”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–71

e0
“Compared with the control,integration method brought about the increase of 11.14%,15.06%,12.44%,21.43%,32.39%,23.04% and 7697.90 yuan/ha on cassava stem diameter,tuberous root diameter,tuberous root length,tuberous root number per plant,tuberous root weight per plant,fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare and benefit,increase of 8.84%,8.73%,5.22%,7.56%,3.08%,15.51% and 9.86% on available nitrogen,phosphorus,potass…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–1258

Title

Effects of integrated fertilization and tillage technologies on cassava yield and physical and chemical properties of soil

HE Yong-qu Nanfang nongye xuebao 2014

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect The integration method increased cassava stem diameter by 11.14% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root diameter by 15.06% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root length by 12.44% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root number per plant by 21.43% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare by 23.04% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased benefit by 7697.90 yuan/ha versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased available nitrogen by 8.84% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased phosphorus by 8.73% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased potassium by 5.22% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased organic matter by 7.56% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased pH by 3.08% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased moisture content by 15.51% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased total porosity by 9.86% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method decreased soil bulk density by 5.63 % versus the control.
Recommendation The authors recommend the integrated fertilization and tillage method for cassava production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying 0.5 mM SA increased Ca content, antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione content under nonsaline and saline conditions.

Taxon: MungbeanVigna radiatae0
Treatment: 0.5 mM SAe1
Outcome: Ca content, activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione contente2
Direction: increasede2
Qualifier: nonsaline and saline conditionse2
Comparator: controle1

Verbatim

e0
“Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivar Pusa Vishal plants grown with 50 mM NaCl were sprayed with 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mM SA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 350–468

e1
“Treatment of plants with 0.5 mM SA resulted in a maximum decrease in the content of Na+, Cl−, H2O2, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and electrolyte leakage under saline conditions compared to the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 673–897

e2
“In contrast, this treatment increased N, P, K, and Ca content, activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, photosynthesis, and yield maximally under nonsaline and saline conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 899–1089

Title

Application of Salicylic Acid Increases Contents of Nutrients and Antioxidative Metabolism in Mungbean and Alleviates Adverse Effects of Salinity Stress

Nafees Khan; Shabina Syeed; Asim Masood; et al. International Journal of Plant Biology 2010. doi:10.4081/pb.2010.e1

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Spraying 0.5 mM SA under saline conditions gave the maximum decrease in Na+ and Cl− content compared with the control.
Intervention effect Spraying 0.5 mM SA under saline conditions gave the maximum decrease in H2O2, TBARS and electrolyte leakage compared with the control.
Intervention effect Spraying 0.5 mM SA increased N, P and K content under nonsaline and saline conditions.
Intervention effect Spraying 0.5 mM SA increased photosynthesis and yield under nonsaline and saline conditions.
Intervention effect Applying 1.0 mM SA either was inhibitory or gave no additional benefit.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Reducing N by 28% produced no significant difference in sink and source characteristics of Tianyou 998.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Material: Tianyou 998e4
Treatment: Reduction of N by 28%e4
Outcome: sink and source characteristicse0
Direction: no significant differencee4
Comparator: conventional Ne1
Setting: field experimente0

Verbatim

e0
“on rice sink and source characteristics were studied using four varieties(Yuejingsimiao 2,Guixiangzhan,Huayou 8305 and Tianyou 998) in field experiment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 115–266

e1
“Compared by conventional N,reduction of N by 28% would maintain or promote the rice source and sink coordination,which resulted in no significant decrease in yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–430

e4
“Reduction of N by 28% improved sink capacity and ratio of spikelets No.and leaf area in Yuejingsimiao 2 and Guixiangzhan,improved available filled ratio of sink in Huayou 8305,while there was no significant difference in Tianyou 998”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 643–875

Title

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Source and Sink Characteristics of Early /Late Season Rice in South China and Their Mechanism

MO Zhao-we 2013

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% relative to conventional N caused no significant decrease in rice yield.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% would maintain or promote rice source and sink coordination relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% increased grain yield of Yuejingsimiao 2 by 11.99% relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% increased grain yield of Guixiangzhan by 5.51% relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% increased grain yield of Huayou 8305 by 6.46% relative to conventional N.
Mechanism The yield increase under 28% N reduction is attributed to enhanced photosynthesis or sheath and stem transfer ability in rice.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% improved sink capacity, spikelet ratio and leaf area of Yuejingsimiao 2 relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% improved sink capacity, spikelet ratio and leaf area of Guixiangzhan relative to conventional N.
Intervention effect Reducing N by 28% improved the available filled ratio of sink in Huayou 8305 relative to conventional N.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ALA increased antenna transformation efficiency and RuBPCase and FDPase activities under suboptimal conditions.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativuse1
Treatment: 0.5 mg·L-1 ALAe0
Outcome: Fv'/Fm',and activities of RuBPCase and FDPasee0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“application of 0.5 mg·L-1 ALA increased the Pn.Gs,CE,AQY,ΦPSⅡ,qP,Fv'/Fm',and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1043

e1
“suboptimal temperature and light intensity decreased the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),carboxylation efficiency(CE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),photochemical quenching(qP),antenna transformation efficiency(Fv'/Fm'),and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase of cucumber seedlings,but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 322–718

e2
“compared with the normal temperature and light intensity,suboptimal temperature and light intensity led to significant decrease in the light compensation point(LCP)and CO2 compensation point(CCP)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 731–926

Title

Effects of ALA on photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity.

Yumei Liu; Ai Xizhen; Xianchang Yu Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2010

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Suboptimal temperature and light reduced cucumber seedling net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced apparent quantum yield and actual PSII photochemical efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced photochemical quenching, antenna transformation efficiency, and RuBPCase and FDPase activities.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions significantly decreased light and CO2 compensation points.
Intervention effect ALA increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA increased apparent quantum yield, actual PSII efficiency and photochemical quenching under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and light and CO2 compensation points under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors inferred nonstomatal limitation was the main cause of decreased photosynthetic rate under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors interpreted ALA as alleviating adverse suboptimal-condition effects on seedling photosynthesis.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integration method increased fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare by 23.04% versus the control.

Taxon: cassavaManihot esculentat0
Treatment: integration methode0
Outcome: fresh weight of tuberous root per hectaree0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 23.04%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

t0
“cassava”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–71

e0
“Compared with the control,integration method brought about the increase of 11.14%,15.06%,12.44%,21.43%,32.39%,23.04% and 7697.90 yuan/ha on cassava stem diameter,tuberous root diameter,tuberous root length,tuberous root number per plant,tuberous root weight per plant,fresh weight of tuberous root per hectare and benefit,increase of 8.84%,8.73%,5.22%,7.56%,3.08%,15.51% and 9.86% on available nitrogen,phosphorus,potass…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–1258

Title

Effects of integrated fertilization and tillage technologies on cassava yield and physical and chemical properties of soil

HE Yong-qu Nanfang nongye xuebao 2014

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect The integration method increased cassava stem diameter by 11.14% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root diameter by 15.06% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root length by 12.44% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root number per plant by 21.43% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased tuberous root weight per plant by 32.39% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased benefit by 7697.90 yuan/ha versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased available nitrogen by 8.84% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased phosphorus by 8.73% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased potassium by 5.22% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased organic matter by 7.56% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased pH by 3.08% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased moisture content by 15.51% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method increased total porosity by 9.86% versus the control.
Intervention effect The integration method decreased soil bulk density by 5.63 % versus the control.
Recommendation The authors recommend the integrated fertilization and tillage method for cassava production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Suboptimal conditions reduced photochemical quenching, antenna transformation efficiency, and RuBPCase and FDPase activities.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativuse0
Treatment: suboptimal temperature and light intensitye1
Outcome: photochemical quenching(qP),antenna transformation efficiency(Fv'/Fm'),and activities of RuBPCase and FDPasee0
Direction: decreasede1
Comparator: normal temperature and light intensitye2

Verbatim

e0
“photochemical quenching(qP),antenna transformation efficiency(Fv'/Fm'),and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase of cucumber seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–664

e1
“suboptimal temperature and light intensity decreased the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),carboxylation efficiency(CE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),photochemical quenching(qP),antenna transformation efficiency(Fv'/Fm'),and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase of cucumber seedlings,but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 322–718

e2
“compared with the normal temperature and light intensity,suboptimal temperature and light intensity led to significant decrease in the light compensation point(LCP)and CO2 compensation point(CCP)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 731–926

Title

Effects of ALA on photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity.

Yumei Liu; Ai Xizhen; Xianchang Yu Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2010

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Suboptimal temperature and light reduced cucumber seedling net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced apparent quantum yield and actual PSII photochemical efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions significantly decreased light and CO2 compensation points.
Intervention effect ALA increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA increased apparent quantum yield, actual PSII efficiency and photochemical quenching under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA increased antenna transformation efficiency and RuBPCase and FDPase activities under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and light and CO2 compensation points under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors inferred nonstomatal limitation was the main cause of decreased photosynthetic rate under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors interpreted ALA as alleviating adverse suboptimal-condition effects on seedling photosynthesis.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ALA decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and light and CO2 compensation points under suboptimal conditions.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativuse0
Treatment: 0.5 mg·L-1 ALAe3
Outcome: Ci,LCP and CCPe0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“decreased the Ci,LCP and CCP of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1044–1143

e1
“suboptimal temperature and light intensity decreased the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),carboxylation efficiency(CE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),photochemical quenching(qP),antenna transformation efficiency(Fv'/Fm'),and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase of cucumber seedlings,but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 322–718

e2
“compared with the normal temperature and light intensity,suboptimal temperature and light intensity led to significant decrease in the light compensation point(LCP)and CO2 compensation point(CCP)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 731–926

e3
“application of 0.5 mg·L-1 ALA increased the Pn.Gs,CE,AQY,ΦPSⅡ,qP,Fv'/Fm',and activities of RuBPCase and FDPase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1043

Title

Effects of ALA on photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity.

Yumei Liu; Ai Xizhen; Xianchang Yu Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2010

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Suboptimal temperature and light reduced cucumber seedling net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced apparent quantum yield and actual PSII photochemical efficiency.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions reduced photochemical quenching, antenna transformation efficiency, and RuBPCase and FDPase activities.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
Intervention effect Suboptimal conditions significantly decreased light and CO2 compensation points.
Intervention effect ALA increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA increased apparent quantum yield, actual PSII efficiency and photochemical quenching under suboptimal conditions.
Intervention effect ALA increased antenna transformation efficiency and RuBPCase and FDPase activities under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors inferred nonstomatal limitation was the main cause of decreased photosynthetic rate under suboptimal conditions.
Mechanism Authors interpreted ALA as alleviating adverse suboptimal-condition effects on seedling photosynthesis.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: LAI before silkinge0
Direction: limitede0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: LAI after silkinge0
Direction: slowe0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

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“yield decrease”

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