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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 160 kg N ha-1, selection decreased days to mid-silk by 0.7% per cycle.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: selectione1
Outcome: days to mid-silke1
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: -0.7e0
Qualifier: 160 kg N ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 36–41

e0
“1.8, -0.7, -1.4, -2.8% at 160 kg N ha-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1388–1427

e1
“Least square estimates of progress per cycle of selection for grain yield, days to mid-silk, plant height, and lodging were 1.6, -0.6, -1.5, -1.1% at zero fertilizer N; 2.1, -0.8, -1.5, -3.5% at 80 kg N ha-1 and 1.8, -0.7, -1.4, -2.8% at 160 kg N ha-1, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1176–1441

Title

Progress from selection in la posta maize population evaluated underthree nitrogen fertilizer levels

TSpace 1998

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Mean grain yield rose across the three nitrogen rates from 3.0 to 4.7 to 5.2 Mg ha-1.
Intervention effect As nitrogen increased, grain yield, plant height and lodging increased.
Intervention effect Ear rating increased with fertilizer nitrogen.
Intervention effect Days to mid-silk decreased with increasing fertilizer nitrogen.
Intervention effect Grain moisture and ears per plant did not change as fertilizer nitrogen increased.
Observation The greatest response to applied nitrogen across traits was at 80 kg N ha-1.
Observation Nitrogen response patterns were similar across selection cycles.
Intervention effect Selection increased grain yield per cycle by 1.6% without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Selection advanced mid-silk by 0.6% per cycle without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Selection reduced plant height by 1.5% per cycle without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Selection reduced lodging by 1.1% per cycle without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Selection increased grain yield by 2.1% per cycle at 80 kg N ha-1.
Intervention effect Selection decreased days to mid-silk by 0.8% per cycle at 80 kg N ha-1.
Intervention effect Selection decreased plant height by 1.5% per cycle at 80 kg N ha-1.
Intervention effect Selection decreased lodging by 3.5% per cycle at 80 kg N ha-1.
Intervention effect At 160 kg N ha-1, selection increased grain yield by 1.8% per cycle.
Intervention effect At 160 kg N ha-1, selection decreased plant height by 1.4% per cycle.
Intervention effect At 160 kg N ha-1, selection decreased lodging by 2.8% per cycle.
Observation Recurrent selection had little effect on the population’s nitrogen fertilizer response.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher N fertiliser rates increased milk non-protein N as a proportion of total N (7.0 versus 6.6%).

Taxon: pasturese1
Treatment: higher rates of N fertilisere2
Interactor: cowsBos tauruse0herbivore
Outcome: non‐protein N as a proportion of total Ne3
Direction: increasede3
Value: 7.0 versus 6.6%e4
Comparator: LNe2

Verbatim

e0
“Twenty Jersey and 12 Friesian cows”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 216–250

e1
“freshly cut pastures that had received either 100–150 kg N/ha (HN) or 25 kg N/ha (LN) as urea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–370

e2
“The main effects of higher rates of N fertiliser (LN versus HN) were to decrease milk protein yield (0.58 versus 0.56 kg/cow per day; P < 0.05)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–663

e3
“milk urea N and milk non‐protein N as a proportion of total N were increased by HN (0.21 versus 0.19 g/kg, P < 0.0001”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1054–1171

e4
“7.0 versus 6.6%, P < 0.05”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1178–1203

Title

Nitrogen fertiliser effects on milk yield and composition, pasture intake, nitrogen and energy partitioning, and rumen fermentation parameters of dairy cows in early lactation

T. R. Mackle; C. R. Parr; A. M. Bryant New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 1996. doi:10.1080/00288233.1996.9513194

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates decreased milk protein yield in dairy cows fed the pasture (0.58 versus 0.56 kg per cow per day).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates decreased milk protein content (36.0 versus 35.1 g/1000 g).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates decreased dry matter intake of cows on ad libitum pasture (14.6 versus 14.0 kg DM per cow per day).
Intervention effect N fertiliser left dry matter and organic matter digestibilities unaffected.
Intervention effect N fertiliser left microbial N production and N and energy balance unaffected.
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates slightly reduced the proportion of ingested N retained in milk (19.8 versus 21%).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates increased milk urea N (0.21 versus 0.19 g/kg).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates tended to increase rumen ammonia concentration and pH levels.
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates left foremilk urea levels unchanged.
Intervention effect N fertiliser had no clear effect on rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations.
Intervention effect N fertiliser had only minor effects on the chemical and botanical composition of the pasture.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The difference in days to maturity between later-maturing CPS cultivars and the CWRS cultivar Neepawa increased with delayed seeding.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: CPS cultivarse2
Treatment: delayed seedinge2
Outcome: difference in days to reach maturitye2
Direction: increasede2
Comparator: CWRS cultivar, Neepawae2

Verbatim

e0
“Seeding date experiments involving one CWRS wheat (Neepawa) and three CPS wheats (HY320, HY355, HY912) were carried out at Swift Current (1984–1988) and at Regina and Scott (1985–1988)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 453–637

e2
“However, the difference in days to reach maturity between the later maturing CPS cultivars and the CWRS cultivar, Neepawa, generally increased with delayed seeding making the CPS cultivars more susceptible to early fall frost damage which could decrease their yields and grain quality”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 852–1136

Title

DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF CANADIAN WESTERN RED SPRING AND CANADA PRAIRIE SPRING WHEATS AS AFFECTED BY DELAYED SEEDING IN THE BROWN AND DARK BROWN SOIL ZONES OF SASKATCHEWAN

H. W. CUTFORTH; C. A. CAMPBELL; D. JUDIESCH; et al. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 1990. doi:10.4141/cjps90-080

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maintaining vegetative biomass appeared to be at the expense of reproductive tissue biomass in injured field corn.

Taxon: field corne0
Treatment: larval injury by western corn rootworme0
Interactor: western corn rootwormDiabrotica virgifera virgiferae0pest
Outcome: reproductive tissue biomasse6
Direction: decreaseinferrede6
Qualifier: unaltered levels of vegetative tissue biomasse6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“effects of larval injury by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on vegetative and reproductive biomass accumulation of field corn, Zea mays L”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 49–217

e6
“Plant response to stress was generally similar in all three soil textures. The compensation and maintenance of unaltered levels of vegetative tissue biomass appeared to be at the sacrifice of reproductive tissue biomass. Western com rootworrn larval injury consistently reduced com grain yield by up to 15.0% in 1989 and by 40.7% in 1990”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1778–2115

Title

Vegetative and Reproductive Biomass Accumulation in Field Com: Response to Root Injury by Western Com Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

L. D. Godfrey; L. J. Meinke; R. J. Wright Journal of Economic Entomology 1993. doi:10.1093/jee/86.5.1557

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Larval injury by western corn rootworm decreased vegetative biomass in the early phases of injury.
Intervention effect Larval infestations reduced field corn leaf area and leaf wet weight by up to 17.4%.
Intervention effect In 1989, dry weights of injured field corn were greater than those of uninjured plants at about 2 weeks after pupation.
Intervention effect In 1990, injured and uninjured field corn had similar biomass, an exact compensatory response.
Mechanism The differing biomass response was probably related to the plant development stage at peak injury.
Observation In 1989, field corn at the V15 stage averaged 8,350 cm2 leaf area.
Observation In 1990, field corn at the V8-V10 stage had 4,761.3 cm2 leaf area.
Intervention effect Larval-injured field corn plants could not use supplemental irrigation soil moisture for vegetative biomass production as uninjured plants did.
Observation Plant response to stress was similar across all three soil textures.
Intervention effect Western corn rootworm larval injury reduced grain yield by up to 15.0% in 1989.
Intervention effect Western corn rootworm larval injury reduced grain yield by 40.7% in 1990.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soluble carbohydrate content of above-ground biomass was 5-48% higher in elevated CO2 at most measuring times during the growing season.

Taxon: Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
Organ / stage: above-ground biomasse7
Treatment: elevated CO2e7
Outcome: soluble carbohydrate contente7
Direction: highere7
Value: 5-48%e7
Qualifier: at most of the measuring times during the growing seasone7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–232

e7
“The soluble carbohydrate content of above-ground biomass was 5-48% higher in elevated CO2 at most of the measuring times during the growing season, but the nitrogen content did not show a clear decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1054–1256

Title

The effects of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on the growth, yield and dry matter partitioning of field-sown meadow fescue

Kaija Hakala; Timo Mela Agricultural and Food Science 1996. doi:10.23986/afsci.72747

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Elevated temperature (+3°C) increased total aboveground yield of field-sown meadow fescue by 38% on average relative to ambient temperature.
Intervention effect At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 63% in 1992.
Intervention effect At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 24% in 1993.
Intervention effect At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 90% in 1994.
Intervention effect At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 14% in 1995.
Intervention effect At elevated temperatures, the elevated CO2 increase in tiller number was seen only in the first growing seasons after sowing.
Intervention effect In experiment 1, total yield in a growing season was about 10% higher in elevated CO2.
Intervention effect In experiment 2, at elevated temperatures, yield was more than 20% higher in elevated CO2.
Intervention effect In experiment 2, at ambient temperatures, the rise in CO2 level had no effect on yield.
Intervention effect In experiment 2, root biomass increased by more than 30% with the rise in CO2 level.
Intervention effect In elevated CO2 at ambient temperatures, root biomass also increased in experiment I.
Intervention effect At elevated temperatures, root biomass showed no consistent change in elevated CO2.
Intervention effect Nitrogen content of the biomass did not show a clear decrease in elevated CO2.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis by 40-60%.
Intervention effect Biomass showed a lack of a marked increase in elevated CO2, despite the 40-60% rise in photosynthesis.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Verticillium dahliae negatively affected reproduction of P. penetrans in mixtures with P. penetrans proportions of 0.1 to 0.5.

Taxon: potatoSolanum tuberosume0
Treatment: V. dahliaee6
Interactor: P. penetransPratylenchus penetranse6pathogen
Second interactor: V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee6pathogen
Outcome: reproduction of P. penetranse6
Direction: decreaseinferrede6
Qualifier: species mixtures with proportions of P. penetrans ranging from 0.1 to 0.5e6
Setting: Microplotse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Microplots were infested with combinations of the fungus Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans and P. scribneri to test for individual and combined effects of these organisms on potato yield and nematode reproduction.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–227

e6
“In species mixtures with proportions of P. penetrans ranging from 0.1 to 0.5, reproduction of P. penetrans was negatively affected by V. dahliae and decreased linearly in relation to the increase in the initial proportion of P. penetrans in both years. The final population density of P. penetrans was affected only by V. dahliae”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1019–1348

Title

Interactions Among Pratylenchus penetrans, P. scribneri, and Verticillium dahliae in the Potato Early Dying Disease Complex.

T A Wheeler; R M Riedel PubMed 1994

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Verticillium dahliae alone caused potato yield losses in all three years.
Observation The interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae was significant in two years.
Intervention effect Pratylenchus penetrans alone caused potato yield losses in two years.
Intervention effect P. scribneri alone caused potato yield losses in one year.
Observation No two-way or three-way interaction involving P. scribneri was found on potato.
Intervention effect In 1987, reproduction of low-density P. penetrans was five times higher with P. scribneri present than absent.
Intervention effect In 1988, reproduction of low-density P. penetrans was 3.5 times higher with P. scribneri present than absent.
Intervention effect Verticillium dahliae decreased reproduction of P. scribneri in 1987-88.
Intervention effect Verticillium dahliae negatively affected the final population density of P. scribneri.
Association Final population density of P. scribneri was positively related to its initial proportion relative to P. penetrans.
Association Reproduction of P. penetrans decreased linearly as its initial proportion increased in mixtures.
Intervention effect Final population density of P. penetrans was affected only by Verticillium dahliae.

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“yield decrease”

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