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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilization above 25 kg N ha‐ 1 reduced true protein percentage in total protein.

Taxon: AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: nitrogen fertilization above an application rate of 25 kg N ha‐ 1e0
Outcome: true protein percentage in total protein fractione0
Direction: reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The nitrogen fertilization above an application rate of 25 kg N ha‐ 1 caused a decrease in crude protein level, an increase in non‐protein nutrient content and a reduction of true protein percentage in total protein fraction.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 861–1086

t0
“Alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40

Title

The Nutritive Value and Yield of Alfalfa in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilization on Sulphur Industry Reclaimed Lands

T. R. Pucekand; J. B. Pys Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 1996. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.1996.tb00249.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Average alfalfa biomass yields did not differ significantly among nitrogen treatments.
Intervention effect Total nitrogen content differed significantly across nitrogen fertilization levels.
Intervention effect True protein content differed significantly across nitrogen fertilization levels.
Intervention effect Non-protein nutrient content differed significantly across nitrogen fertilization levels.
Intervention effect The Ca:P ratio differed significantly across nitrogen fertilization levels.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilization above 25 kg N ha‐ 1 decreased crude protein level.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilization above 25 kg N ha‐ 1 increased non-protein nutrient content.
Observation Potassium and phosphorus were deficient in alfalfa dry matter and soil.
Association Alfalfa potassium content was negatively correlated with non-protein nutrient accumulation.
Observation Accumulation of sulphur and selected microelements in alfalfa stayed below permissible forage levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pre-emergence pendimethalin followed by one hand weeding on 30 DAS reduced the weed dry matter in sesame.

Taxon: sesameSesamum indicume2
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ba followed by one hand weeding on 30 DASe1
Interactor: weede2weed
Outcome: weed dry mattere2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Sowing sesame carly in summer (February) immediately after rice, in lines with a spacing of 30 cm x 30 em with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ba followed by one hand weeding on 30 DAS reduced the population of broad leaved weeds and grasses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 325–588

e2
“the weed dry matter and enhanced the crop growth, yield attributes and yield at sesame erop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 596–687

Title

METHOD OF SOWING AND WEED MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATED SESAME IN RICE BASED SEQUENCE

KAVIMANI R; VIJAYABASKARAN S; AROKIA RAJ A Madras Agricultural Journal 1998. doi:10.29321/maj.10.a00802

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Pre-emergence pendimethalin followed by one hand weeding on 30 DAS reduced the population of broad leaved weeds and grasses in sesame.
Intervention effect Pre-emergence pendimethalin followed by one hand weeding on 30 DAS enhanced the crop growth, yield attributes and yield of sesame.
Intervention effect This treatment recorded the highest gross income in sesame.
Intervention effect This treatment gave a net profit of Rs 13750 in sesame.
Intervention effect This treatment gave a benefit cost rate of 3.28 in sesame.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At the H level in population HA, ME selection changed grain moisture by −0.9% per year relative to C0.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Material: HAe4
Treatment: ME selectione4
Outcome: grain moisturee4
Direction: decreaseinferrede4
Value: −0.9e4
Comparator: C0e4

Verbatim

e0
“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 29–48

e4
“At the H level of performance, ME selection produced increases of 2.8 and 4.6% per year for PI, 1.4 and 6.9% per year for grain yield, and −0.9 and 1.8% per year for grain moisture, relative to C0, in HA and HB”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1406

Title

Five Years of HOPE: The Hierarchical Open‐Ended Corn Breeding System

Michael M. Cramer; Lyndon W. Kannenberg Crop Science 1992. doi:10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200050021x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect In population EA, reciprocal recurrent selection reduced grain moisture by 2.7% per year relative to CO.
Intervention effect In population EA, reciprocal recurrent selection decreased grain yield by 3.2% per year relative to CO.
Observation In population EB, PI increased by 2.0 per year.
Observation In population EB, grain yield increased by 2.7% per year.
Observation In the cross EA × EB, only grain moisture was improved.
Intervention effect At the H level in population HA, ME selection increased PI by 2.8% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the H level in population HB, ME selection increased PI by 4.6% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the H level in population HA, ME selection increased grain yield by 1.4% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the H level in population HB, ME selection increased grain yield by 6.9% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the H level in population HB, ME selection changed grain moisture by 1.8% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the I level in population IA, ME selection improved PI by 3.2% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the I level in population IA, ME selection reduced grain moisture by 2.2% per year relative to C0.
Observation In population IB, only grain moisture was improved at the I level.
Intervention effect At the L level in population LA, mass selection increased PI by 4.0% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the L level in population LB, mass selection increased PI by 2.1% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the L level in population LA, mass selection reduced grain moisture by 2.2% per year relative to C0.
Intervention effect At the L level in population LB, mass selection reduced grain moisture by 1.0% per year relative to C0.
Observation About 90% of the 408 introductions added to HOPE during the period were to the L level.
Recommendation Selection in open-ended populations arranged in a hierarchical structure is a viable breeding strategy.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 17% of the check.

Taxon: Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
Treatment: 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyre1
Outcome: Seedhead densitiese1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 17%e1
Comparator: checke1

Verbatim

t0
“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–64

e1
“Seedhead densities averaged 33% of the check with 8.4 g ai/ha of metsulfuron, 17% with 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyr, and 9% with 280 g ai/ha of mefluidide, while forage yields were reduced to about 40% of the check”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–366

Title

Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality

Joseph L. Moyer; Kenneth W. Kelley Weed Technology 1995. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00023332

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Metsulfuron at 8.4 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 33% of the check.
Intervention effect Mefluidide at 280 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 9% of the check.
Association Forage yields of tall fescue were reduced to about 40% of the check.
Intervention effect Mefluidide, imazethapyr and metsulfuron increased forage crude protein concentration in tall fescue.
Intervention effect Metsulfuron, mefluidide and imazethapyr at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha reduced neutral-detergent fiber of Ky 31 tall fescue but not of Fawn.
Intervention effect Dicamba plus 2,4-D increased neutral-detergent fiber of Fawn tall fescue.
Intervention effect Metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, mefluidide and imazethapyr increased in vitro dry matter digestibility of tall fescue in one of two years.
Intervention effect Adding 2,4-D to metsulfuron reduced some effects of metsulfuron on tall fescue.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr and metsulfuron did not adversely affect total crude protein per hectare more than mefluidide did.
Recommendation Imazethapyr and metsulfuron can be used to control weeds in tall fescue without reducing forage value.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mefluidide at 280 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 9% of the check.

Taxon: Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
Treatment: 280 g ai/ha of mefluididee1
Outcome: Seedhead densitiese1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 9%e1
Comparator: checke1

Verbatim

t0
“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–64

e1
“Seedhead densities averaged 33% of the check with 8.4 g ai/ha of metsulfuron, 17% with 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyr, and 9% with 280 g ai/ha of mefluidide, while forage yields were reduced to about 40% of the check”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–366

Title

Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality

Joseph L. Moyer; Kenneth W. Kelley Weed Technology 1995. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00023332

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Metsulfuron at 8.4 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 33% of the check.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 17% of the check.
Association Forage yields of tall fescue were reduced to about 40% of the check.
Intervention effect Mefluidide, imazethapyr and metsulfuron increased forage crude protein concentration in tall fescue.
Intervention effect Metsulfuron, mefluidide and imazethapyr at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha reduced neutral-detergent fiber of Ky 31 tall fescue but not of Fawn.
Intervention effect Dicamba plus 2,4-D increased neutral-detergent fiber of Fawn tall fescue.
Intervention effect Metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, mefluidide and imazethapyr increased in vitro dry matter digestibility of tall fescue in one of two years.
Intervention effect Adding 2,4-D to metsulfuron reduced some effects of metsulfuron on tall fescue.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr and metsulfuron did not adversely affect total crude protein per hectare more than mefluidide did.
Recommendation Imazethapyr and metsulfuron can be used to control weeds in tall fescue without reducing forage value.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Two applications of iprodione at 1.12 kg/ha reduced disease incidence by 31% in peanut.

Taxon: peanutArachis hypogaeae0
Treatment: Two applications of iprodione at 1.12 kg/hae2
Interactor: Sclerotinia minor JaggerSclerotinia minore0pathogen
Outcome: disease incidencee2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2
Value: 31%e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Fluazinam provided effective control of Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia minor Jagger) of peanut in six field trials during a 4-yr period”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–145

e2
“Two applications of iprodione at 1.12 kg/ha provided only 31% suppression of disease incidence and increased yield by 718 kg/ha”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 489–616

Title

Fluazinam: A New Fungicide for Control of Sclerotinia Blight and Other Soilborne Pathogens of Peanut1

F. D. Smith; P. M. Phipps; R. J. Stipes Peanut Science 1992. doi:10.3146/i0095-3679-19-2-14

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Fluazinam provided effective control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut in six field trials over 4 years.
Intervention effect Fluazinam applied at blight onset and 4 weeks later reduced disease incidence by an average of 69% relative to untreated plots.
Intervention effect Fluazinam applied at blight onset and 4 weeks later increased peanut yield by 1598 kg/ha relative to untreated plots.
Intervention effect Two applications of iprodione at 1.12 kg/ha increased peanut yield by 718 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Fluazinam performed significantly better than iprodione in controlling Sclerotinia blight of peanut.
Intervention effect Fluazinam with chlorothalonil reduced Sclerotinia blight by 92% relative to chlorothalonil alone in peanut.
Intervention effect Iprodione with chlorothalonil reduced Sclerotinia blight by 25% relative to chlorothalonil alone in peanut.
Intervention effect Dicloran with chlorothalonil reduced Sclerotinia blight by 25% relative to chlorothalonil alone in peanut.
Intervention effect Fluazinam with chlorothalonil increased peanut yield by 4020 kg/ha relative to chlorothalonil alone.
Intervention effect Iprodione with chlorothalonil increased peanut yield by 1925 kg/ha relative to chlorothalonil alone.
Intervention effect Dicloran with chlorothalonil increased peanut yield by 1684 kg/ha relative to chlorothalonil alone.
Observation Sclerotinia blight at harvest averaged 27.8 and 35.8 disease foci per plot in untreated and chlorothalonil-alone plots.
Observation Peanut yields averaged 3624 and 2251 kg/ha in untreated and chlorothalonil-alone plots.
Intervention effect Fluazinam did not control early leafspot in field trials.
Intervention effect Fluazinam was fungitoxic in vitro to Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani.
Intervention effect Tank-mixes of fluazinam plus chlorothalonil were highly effective in controlling Sclerotinia blight and early leafspot in 1991.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Five beetles per panicle reduced pearl millet panicle weight by 14.9% relative to control.

Taxon: pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
Treatment: 5 beetles per paniclee0
Interactor: Coryna hermanniaet0pest
Outcome: Panicle weight at maturitye0
Direction: declinede0
Value: 14.9%e0
Qualifier: 43 g/25 cm panicle lengthe0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“Panicle weight at maturity declined from 43 g/25 cm panicle length in the control by 14.9% with 5 beetles per panicle to a decrease of 63% with 30 beetles per panicle.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 320–487

t0
“Coryna hermanniae Fabricius (Coleoptera: Meloidae) on pearl millet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–87

Title

Yield loss caused by Coryna hermanniae Fabricius (Coleoptera: Meloidae) on pearl millet in Nigeria

O. Ajayi; Taofeek O. Ajiboye; B Abubakar Open Access Repository of ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) 1998

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Thirty beetles per panicle reduced pearl millet panicle weight by 63% relative to control.
Intervention effect Thirty beetles per panicle reduced pearl millet grain yield by 75%.
Observation Naturally infested pearl millet panicles had a calculated yield loss of 19%.
Observation The authors conclude C. hermanniae is a potentially serious pearl millet pest in West Africa.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N fertiliser had no clear effect on rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations.

Taxon: pasturese1
Treatment: N fertilisere3
Interactor: cowsBos tauruse0herbivore
Outcome: rumen volatile fatty acid concentrationse3
Direction: no clear effectse3
Comparator: LNe2

Verbatim

e0
“Twenty Jersey and 12 Friesian cows”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 216–250

e1
“freshly cut pastures that had received either 100–150 kg N/ha (HN) or 25 kg N/ha (LN) as urea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–370

e2
“The main effects of higher rates of N fertiliser (LN versus HN) were to decrease milk protein yield (0.58 versus 0.56 kg/cow per day; P < 0.05)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–663

e3
“There were no clear effects of N fertiliser on rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1313–1400

Title

Nitrogen fertiliser effects on milk yield and composition, pasture intake, nitrogen and energy partitioning, and rumen fermentation parameters of dairy cows in early lactation

T. R. Mackle; C. R. Parr; A. M. Bryant New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 1996. doi:10.1080/00288233.1996.9513194

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates decreased milk protein yield in dairy cows fed the pasture (0.58 versus 0.56 kg per cow per day).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates decreased milk protein content (36.0 versus 35.1 g/1000 g).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates decreased dry matter intake of cows on ad libitum pasture (14.6 versus 14.0 kg DM per cow per day).
Intervention effect N fertiliser left dry matter and organic matter digestibilities unaffected.
Intervention effect N fertiliser left microbial N production and N and energy balance unaffected.
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates slightly reduced the proportion of ingested N retained in milk (19.8 versus 21%).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates increased milk urea N (0.21 versus 0.19 g/kg).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates increased milk non-protein N as a proportion of total N (7.0 versus 6.6%).
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates tended to increase rumen ammonia concentration and pH levels.
Intervention effect Higher N fertiliser rates left foremilk urea levels unchanged.
Intervention effect N fertiliser had only minor effects on the chemical and botanical composition of the pasture.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In Hinohikari rice, a salt water treatment without sprinkling under strong wind (14.4±4.3 m/s) lowered gross brown rice weight to 15.0 g per plant, against 36.2 g per plant with neither salt water nor sprinkling.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Material: ヒノヒカリe0
Treatment: 塩水処理e0
Outcome: 粗玄米重e0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 15.0g/株e0
Qualifier: 強風(14.4±4.3m/s)e0
Comparator: 塩水も散水も与えなかった区e0

Verbatim

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–54

e0
“ヒノヒカリの粗玄米重は, 塩水も散水も与えなかった区が36.2g/株であったのに対して, 塩水処理を行いかつ散水処理を行わなかった弱風(7.1±1.6m/s)区と強風(14.4±4.3m/s)区はそれぞれ11.0g/株, 15.0g/株”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 141–259

Title

Effects of Salty Wind on the Yield and Quality in Rice Using a Wind Tunnel.

Haruhiko YAMAMOTO; Seiji HAYAKAWA; Yoshinori SUZUKI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1996. doi:10.1626/jcs.65.181

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Substantial alternate bearing occurred in the prune trees

Taxon: French prunee0
Outcome: alternate hearinge6

Verbatim

e0
“The sensitivity of French prune (Prunus domestica L. syn. `Petite d'Agen') to water deprivation at various fruit growth stages was studied over 3 years in a drip-irrigated orchard”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–179

e6
“Substantial alternate hearing occurred, and, in general, dry fruit yields above ≈9 dry t·ha -1 resulted in a decrease in fruit load the following year, while loads below this value showed a subsequent increase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2062–2271

Title

Sensitivity of Yield and Fruit Quality of French Prune to Water Deprivation at Different Fruit Growth Stages

Bruce D. Lampinen; Kenneth A. Shackel; Stephen M. Southwick; et al. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1995. doi:10.21273/jashs.120.2.139

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Water deprivation caused the most severe reduction in tree water status when imposed over longer periods and during high evaporative demand
Intervention effect Deprivation during all of stage II was associated with increased flowering
Intervention effect Deprivation during all of stage II reduced fruit hydration ratio
Intervention effect Deprivation during all of stage II produced smaller fruit size
Intervention effect Under deep soil, deprivation during all of stage II increased return bloom
Intervention effect Under deep soil, deprivation during all of stage II increased fruit loads
Intervention effect Under deep soil, deprivation during all of stage II increased dry fruit yield
Intervention effect Under shallow soil, deprivation during all of stage II increased return bloom
Intervention effect Under shallow soil, deprivation during all of stage II gave the lowest fruit loads and dry fruit yields of all treatments
Observation Treatments with parallel effects in shallow and deep soil gave statistically significant overall treatment effects
Observation Treatments with opposing effects in shallow and deep soil did not show significant overall treatment effects
Association Dry fruit yields above about 9 dry t·ha -1 were followed by a decrease in fruit load the next year
Association Loads below the ~9 dry t·ha -1 yield level were followed by a subsequent increase in fruit load
Intervention effect All deprivation treatments gave a higher sustainable fruit load than the fully irrigated control
Recommendation An optimal level of tree water stress may exist for prune fruit production
Mechanism Shallow-versus-deep differences in treatment effects are most likely due to increased fruit drop

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“yield decrease”

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