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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ear shading caused a slightly greater yield decrease for Proctor and Herta, without significant varietal differences.

Treatment: shading the earse0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the decrease in grain yield by shading the ears was slightly greater for Proctor and Herta, the differences were not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1652–1781

Title

Physiological Causes of Differences in Grain Yield between Varieties of Barley

D. J. WATSON; GILLIAN N. THORNE; S. A. W. FRENCH Annals of Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083616

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Proctor and Herta yielded 10—15 per cent more grain than Plumage-Archer without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Nitrogen increased the varietal grain yield difference to about 30 per cent.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen caused Plumage-Archer lodging without increasing its yield.
Observation Proctor and Herta remained standing under higher nitrogen.
Observation The three varieties had similar leaf-area index, net assimilation rate and total dry weight before ear emergence.
Association After ear emergence Herta had a smaller leaf-area index than Proctor and Plumage-Archer.
Observation Shaded-ear pot experiment found nearly equal dry matter contribution per leaf area across varieties.
Mechanism The authors attributed higher yield to photosynthesis by the ears.
Association In pots, Proctor and Herta yielded only about 6 per cent more than Plumage-Archer.
Association Field ear sizes were greater for Proctor and Herta than Plumage-Archer.
Association Ear dry weight at emergence was greater in the higher yielding varieties.
Observation Herta ears may have higher photosynthetic efficiency.
Association Plumage-Archer absorbed more potassium.
Association Herta absorbed less phosphorus than the other varieties.
Observation About a quarter of final nitrogen was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation A third of phosphorus was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation Potassium content was nearly maximal at ear emergence and later decreased.
Observation Ear photosynthesis contributed 26 per cent of grain dry matter, including 10 per cent from awns.
Observation Flag-leaf lamina, sheath and peduncle supplied 59 per cent of grain dry matter, and lower shoots supplied 15 per cent.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher manganese and boron concentrations were associated with decrease in barley yield.

Taxon: BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: manganese and boron coucentrationse0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“A decrease in yield and an increase in spotting were found to be associated with an increase in the manganese and boron coucentrations of the solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–487

e1
“Barley plants grown in standard Hoagland solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–227

Title

Manganese and Boron Toxicities in Standard Culture Solutions1

D. Emerton Williams; James Vlamis Soil Science Society of America Journal 1957. doi:10.2136/sssaj1957.03615995002100020018x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were toxic to barley.
Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were slightly toxic to lettuce.
Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were non-toxic to tomato plants.
Observation Barley in standard Hoagland solution developed dark brown older-leaf spots.
Association Higher manganese and boron concentrations were associated with increase in barley spotting.
Association Barley leaf manganese content correlated with toxicity symptoms.
Intervention effect Decreasing the manganese concentration repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect increasing the macro-salt concentration repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect adding sodium silicate repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect Supplemental calcium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Supplemental magnesium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Supplemental potassium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Silicon repressed barley manganese toxicity symptoms.
Intervention effect Silicon had no effect on barley leaf manganese content.
Intervention effect Reducing the boron concentration eliminated boron spotting in barley.
Intervention effect increasing the macro-salt concentration eliminated boron spotting in barley.
Intervention effect Added silicon slightly reduced barley boron necrosis.
Observation Winter-grown barley tolerated higher manganese before toxicity symptoms than summer-grown plants.
Observation Winter-grown barley tolerated higher boron concentrations before toxicity symptoms than summer-grown plants.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher insecticide rates may decrease soybean yield.

Taxon: SoybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: higher rates of applicatione0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasinge0
Qualifier: may cause foliage injurye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–84

e0
“higher rates of application may cause foliage injury to the extent of decreasing yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 173–260

Title

Effect of Foliage Insecticides on Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans¹

A. H. Probst; Ray T. Everly Agronomy Journal 1957. doi:10.2134/agronj1957.00021962004900110003x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation The tested organic insecticides were used satisfactorily on soybeans.
Intervention effect Higher insecticide rates may cause soybean foliage injury and reduce yield.
Observation Injurious insect populations remained at sub-economic levels in each study year.
Association Injurious insects were not an important factor affecting soybean growth or yield.
Intervention effect The tested insecticides had little or no effect on seed size, protein and oil content, and oil iodine number.
Recommendation The authors advise applying soybean foliage insecticides at recommended dosages.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield is inferred to decrease by ten to thirty per cent in the disease.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Interactor: Aphelenchoides oryzaeAphelenchoides oryzaee1pathogen
Outcome: yielde2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: Ten to thirty per cente2
Qualifier: inferrede2

Verbatim

t0
“A Rice Nematode Disease "Senchu Shingare Byo" : Ⅰ. Symptom and Pathogenic Nematode”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82

e2
“Ten to thirty per cent decrease in yield is inferred”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1094–1146

e1
“The causal nematode, Aphelenchoides oryzae Yokoo, is characteristic in having star shaped, trifurcated mucro at its tail end”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1218–1342

Title

A Rice Nematode Disease "Senchu Shingare Byo" : Ⅰ. Symptom and Pathogenic Nematode

Hazime Yoshii; Shigeo Yamamoto Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1950. doi:10.5109/22625

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Bleached-tip symptoms appear on rice after the beginning of elongation growth in upland and watered fields.
Observation The leaf tip of about 2 to 5 cm becomes pale yellowish green to white or transparent.
Observation The discolored part later becomes brownish and is torn off.
Observation Affected leaves are considerably shortened and usually twisted at the apical portion.
Observation Leaves with bleached-tips or white-tips are commonly situated alternately on a stem.
Observation Sometimes the bleached-tip symptoms are invisible on the whole leaves of affected plants.
Observation In paddy fields in Kyushu, about three times as many stems are affected by the pathogen as show white tips.
Observation Affected plants are usually stunted.
Observation Affected plants have many tillers with dark green colored leaves.
Observation Tillers from higher nodes are often observed on affected plants.
Association The ear length of affected plants is reduced.
Observation Unhulled grain of affected plants becomes slender.
Association The percentage of fragmental grain is increased on affected plants.
Observation The disease spreads widely in Japan, from Hokkaido to Kyushu.
Observation The causal nematode Aphelenchoides oryzae has a star-shaped, trifurcated mucro at its tail end.
Observation The tail end of the male nematode bends when killed by heat.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed yield per plant declined with the decrease in fertile tiller numbers.

Taxon: timothyPhleum pratensee0
Material: S.48e0
Organ / stage: fertile tiller numberse6
Outcome: Seed yield per plante6
Direction: declinede6

Verbatim

e0
“spaced plants of S.48 timothy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 39–68

e6
“Seed yield per plant declined with the decrease in fertile tiller numbers, but after the early cuts some compensation by production of slightly more seed per ear was recorded”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 768–942

Title

THE EFFECT OF TIME OF CUTTING ON EAR PRODUCTION AND SEED YIELD IN S.48 TIMOTHY

R. H. M. Langer Grass and Forage Science 1957. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00097.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Plant and unit tiller weight increased throughout the season in the herbage removed at each cut.
Association The number of tillers declined, especially before shooting began.
Intervention effect Cutting up to 5 May did not affect the date of ear emergence.
Intervention effect Plants cut on 19 May had a slightly delayed date of ear emergence.
Intervention effect Plants treated subsequently flowered much later.
Observation The interval following defoliation before flowering was fairly constant.
Intervention effect Cutting on and after 7 April depressed fertile tiller formation with increasing severity.
Observation Only vegetative tillers appeared in the recovery growth after treatment at the beginning of August.
Association After the early cuts, seed per ear was slightly higher, a partial compensation for fewer fertile tillers.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa yields.

Taxon: AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: Nitrogen fertilizatione0
Outcome: yieldse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease yields and stands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 239–298

t0
“Alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–99

Title

The Effect of Different Fertility Levels on Yield, Persistence, and Chemical Composition of Alfalfa¹

John L. Gerwig; Gilbert H. Ahlgren Agronomy Journal 1958. doi:10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000060001x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Potash was the most important factor maintaining high alfalfa yield and stand persistence.
Observation The critical potassium percentage varied between seasons.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa stand persistence.
Intervention effect Phosphorus had no significant beneficial effect on alfalfa.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa stand persistence.

Taxon: AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: Nitrogen fertilizatione0
Outcome: standse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease yields and stands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 239–298

t0
“Alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–99

Title

The Effect of Different Fertility Levels on Yield, Persistence, and Chemical Composition of Alfalfa¹

John L. Gerwig; Gilbert H. Ahlgren Agronomy Journal 1958. doi:10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000060001x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Potash was the most important factor maintaining high alfalfa yield and stand persistence.
Observation The critical potassium percentage varied between seasons.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa yields.
Intervention effect Phosphorus had no significant beneficial effect on alfalfa.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Omitting potassium significantly decreased potato yield in 1952.

Taxon: PotatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: elimination of potassiume0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: In 1952e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In 1952 the elimination of potassium did cause a significant decrease in yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1007

t0
“Potatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–45

Title

Utilization of Residual Fertility by Potatoes

R. A. Struchtemeyer; C. E. Cunningham; P. N. Carpenter Soil Science Society of America Journal 1955. doi:10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900020026x

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Omitting phosphorus from fertilizer significantly decreased potato yields.
Intervention effect Omitting potassium did not significantly reduce potato yield in 1951.
Association Potatoes appeared to mine soil potassium reserves more efficiently than phosphorus reserves.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mean infection-related leaf area decrease was 4%.

Outcome: leaf areae0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 4%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“mean decrease in leaf area was only 4%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 965–1003

Title

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF INFECTION WITH LEAF‐ROLL VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO PLANTS, AND OF ITS INTERACTIONS WITH NUTRIENT SUPPLY AND SHADING

D. J. WATSON; J. H. WILSON Annals of Applied Biology 1956. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1956.tb02134.x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Virus infection decreased total dry weight mainly through tuber dry weight loss.
Intervention effect Infection increased leaf and stem dry weight.
Intervention effect Infection slightly decreased root and stolon dry weight.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizer reduced virus-related tuber dry weight loss.
Intervention effect Phosphorus and potassium did not affect virus-related tuber loss.
Intervention effect Infection decreased net assimilation rate through early July.
Observation Infected plants had higher later net assimilation rate.
Intervention effect Infection decreased leaf area until early July.
Intervention effect Infection delayed leaf senescence and increased late leaf area.
Observation Mean infection-related net assimilation rate decrease was about 20%.
Mechanism Older rolled leaves had diminished photosynthetic efficiency underlying lower net assimilation.
Observation Nutrient effects on net assimilation and interactions with infection were small and rarely significant.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizer increased leaf area throughout growth.
Intervention effect Phosphorus increased early leaf area.
Intervention effect Phosphorus hastened senescence and decreased August leaf area.
Intervention effect Potassium increased leaf area particularly later in growth.
Observation Infected plants had more leaves than healthy plants beyond early growth.
Intervention effect Shading decreased net assimilation rate and increased leaf area without affecting yield.
Observation Virus-related yield loss was smaller in Up-to-Date than Craig’s Defiance.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mean infection-related net assimilation rate decrease was about 20%.

Outcome: NARe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: about 20%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“mean decrease in NAR by infection was about 20%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 857–904

Title

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF INFECTION WITH LEAF‐ROLL VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO PLANTS, AND OF ITS INTERACTIONS WITH NUTRIENT SUPPLY AND SHADING

D. J. WATSON; J. H. WILSON Annals of Applied Biology 1956. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1956.tb02134.x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Virus infection decreased total dry weight mainly through tuber dry weight loss.
Intervention effect Infection increased leaf and stem dry weight.
Intervention effect Infection slightly decreased root and stolon dry weight.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizer reduced virus-related tuber dry weight loss.
Intervention effect Phosphorus and potassium did not affect virus-related tuber loss.
Intervention effect Infection decreased net assimilation rate through early July.
Observation Infected plants had higher later net assimilation rate.
Intervention effect Infection decreased leaf area until early July.
Intervention effect Infection delayed leaf senescence and increased late leaf area.
Observation Mean infection-related leaf area decrease was 4%.
Mechanism Older rolled leaves had diminished photosynthetic efficiency underlying lower net assimilation.
Observation Nutrient effects on net assimilation and interactions with infection were small and rarely significant.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizer increased leaf area throughout growth.
Intervention effect Phosphorus increased early leaf area.
Intervention effect Phosphorus hastened senescence and decreased August leaf area.
Intervention effect Potassium increased leaf area particularly later in growth.
Observation Infected plants had more leaves than healthy plants beyond early growth.
Intervention effect Shading decreased net assimilation rate and increased leaf area without affecting yield.
Observation Virus-related yield loss was smaller in Up-to-Date than Craig’s Defiance.

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“yield decrease”

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