Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effect 66

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ear shading caused a slightly greater yield decrease for Proctor and Herta, without significant varietal differences.

Treatment: shading the earse0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the decrease in grain yield by shading the ears was slightly greater for Proctor and Herta, the differences were not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1652–1781

Title

Physiological Causes of Differences in Grain Yield between Varieties of Barley

D. J. WATSON; GILLIAN N. THORNE; S. A. W. FRENCH Annals of Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083616

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Proctor and Herta yielded 10—15 per cent more grain than Plumage-Archer without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Nitrogen increased the varietal grain yield difference to about 30 per cent.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen caused Plumage-Archer lodging without increasing its yield.
Observation Proctor and Herta remained standing under higher nitrogen.
Observation The three varieties had similar leaf-area index, net assimilation rate and total dry weight before ear emergence.
Association After ear emergence Herta had a smaller leaf-area index than Proctor and Plumage-Archer.
Observation Shaded-ear pot experiment found nearly equal dry matter contribution per leaf area across varieties.
Mechanism The authors attributed higher yield to photosynthesis by the ears.
Association In pots, Proctor and Herta yielded only about 6 per cent more than Plumage-Archer.
Association Field ear sizes were greater for Proctor and Herta than Plumage-Archer.
Association Ear dry weight at emergence was greater in the higher yielding varieties.
Observation Herta ears may have higher photosynthetic efficiency.
Association Plumage-Archer absorbed more potassium.
Association Herta absorbed less phosphorus than the other varieties.
Observation About a quarter of final nitrogen was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation A third of phosphorus was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation Potassium content was nearly maximal at ear emergence and later decreased.
Observation Ear photosynthesis contributed 26 per cent of grain dry matter, including 10 per cent from awns.
Observation Flag-leaf lamina, sheath and peduncle supplied 59 per cent of grain dry matter, and lower shoots supplied 15 per cent.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Selection for nematode resistance did not decrease sugar beet root yield.

Treatment: Selection for resistance to nematodee0
Interactor: nematodeNematodae0pest
Outcome: root yieldse0
Direction: did not decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Selection for resistance to nematode did not decrease root yields.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–249

Title

Breeding Sugar Beets for Resistance to Nematodes¹

R. E. Finkner; J. F. Swink Agronomy Journal 1956. doi:10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800090001x

Other claims from this paper (1)

Observation Currently grown sugar beet varieties showed moderate nematode resistance by sugar yield.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher insecticide rates may decrease soybean yield.

Taxon: SoybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: higher rates of applicatione0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasinge0
Qualifier: may cause foliage injurye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–84

e0
“higher rates of application may cause foliage injury to the extent of decreasing yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 173–260

Title

Effect of Foliage Insecticides on Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans¹

A. H. Probst; Ray T. Everly Agronomy Journal 1957. doi:10.2134/agronj1957.00021962004900110003x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation The tested organic insecticides were used satisfactorily on soybeans.
Intervention effect Higher insecticide rates may cause soybean foliage injury and reduce yield.
Observation Injurious insect populations remained at sub-economic levels in each study year.
Association Injurious insects were not an important factor affecting soybean growth or yield.
Intervention effect The tested insecticides had little or no effect on seed size, protein and oil content, and oil iodine number.
Recommendation The authors advise applying soybean foliage insecticides at recommended dosages.

Observation 26

Show all 26 →

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Slightly damaged wheat fields had no actual yield decrease.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: not founde0
Setting: slightly damaged fielde0

Verbatim

e0
“Actual decrease in yield was not found in the slightly damaged field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1794–1862

t0
“wheat plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–35

Title

On the frost damage of wheat plants occured at Tokorozawa district, Saitama prefecture in 1955

Y. OKAMOTO; Y. KANZAKI; H. INOUE; et al. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1956. doi:10.2480/agrmet.12.13

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Frost killed young ears in low winter type wheat and induced late tiller ears and delayed heading.
Observation Frost caused 68.3% dead stems in the severely damaged field.
Observation Frost caused 48.1% dead stems in the intermediately damaged field.
Observation Frost caused 23.3% dead stems in the lightly damaged field.
Association Damage differences were likely related to growth and developmental stage.
Observation Damage changed late stem number, stem length and stem diameter.
Observation Damage delayed wheat heading.
Association Frost damage degree correlated strongly with changed morphological characters and those characters correlated with each other.
Observation Frost decreased complete grains and their proportion.
Observation Frost increased incomplete grain quantity.
Observation Frost decreased thousand grain weight.
Observation Intermediate damage reduced wheat yield by about 30%.
Observation Severe damage reduced wheat yield by about 70%.
Mechanism Late stems produced grains that compensated for yield losses to differing degrees.
Method / resource Late stem productivity may estimate frost related wheat yield loss.
Association Late stem productivity correlated significantly with delayed heading days, stem length and stem diameter.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield decrease at flower organ differentiation was hardly recognized.

Taxon: naked barleyt0
Organ / stage: flower organe1
Outcome: yield decreasee0
Direction: hardly recognizede0

Verbatim

e0
“But the yield decrease was hardly recognized, because of the few abnormality in ears and the good fertility in seeds.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 452–569

t0
“naked barley "Hashirihadaka" caused by the unusual low temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 39–105

e1
“Damages of plants at the differentiation stage of flower organ.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–358

Title

Studies on Cold Injury in Different Growing Stage of Naked Barley.

Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI; Shunji HIGASHI; Satoru KAGOHASHI; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1959. doi:10.1626/jcs.27.393

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Cold injury at flower organ differentiation slightly delayed growth and injured some ears.
Observation Some pollen mother cells were injured, with irregular development, degeneration and corruption.
Observation Ears that had already headed showed partial sterility during booting to heading.
Observation At booting to heading, pollen abnormalities included fewer microspores, vacuolate pollen and empty anthers.
Observation Cold injury at heading to flowering made ears white.
Observation Almost all white ears were partly or fully sterile.
Observation Culm elongation was poor and stalk heights varied.
Observation Cold injury stopped pollen development and caused death and corruption.
Observation Abnormalities occurred in ovaries and anthers.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mean infection-related leaf area decrease was 4%.

Outcome: leaf areae0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 4%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“mean decrease in leaf area was only 4%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 965–1003

Title

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF INFECTION WITH LEAF‐ROLL VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO PLANTS, AND OF ITS INTERACTIONS WITH NUTRIENT SUPPLY AND SHADING

D. J. WATSON; J. H. WILSON Annals of Applied Biology 1956. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1956.tb02134.x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Virus infection decreased total dry weight mainly through tuber dry weight loss.
Intervention effect Infection increased leaf and stem dry weight.
Intervention effect Infection slightly decreased root and stolon dry weight.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizer reduced virus-related tuber dry weight loss.
Intervention effect Phosphorus and potassium did not affect virus-related tuber loss.
Intervention effect Infection decreased net assimilation rate through early July.
Observation Infected plants had higher later net assimilation rate.
Intervention effect Infection decreased leaf area until early July.
Intervention effect Infection delayed leaf senescence and increased late leaf area.
Observation Mean infection-related net assimilation rate decrease was about 20%.
Mechanism Older rolled leaves had diminished photosynthetic efficiency underlying lower net assimilation.
Observation Nutrient effects on net assimilation and interactions with infection were small and rarely significant.
Intervention effect Nitrogenous fertilizer increased leaf area throughout growth.
Intervention effect Phosphorus increased early leaf area.
Intervention effect Phosphorus hastened senescence and decreased August leaf area.
Intervention effect Potassium increased leaf area particularly later in growth.
Observation Infected plants had more leaves than healthy plants beyond early growth.
Intervention effect Shading decreased net assimilation rate and increased leaf area without affecting yield.
Observation Virus-related yield loss was smaller in Up-to-Date than Craig’s Defiance.

Association 15

Show all 15 →

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher manganese and boron concentrations were associated with decrease in barley yield.

Taxon: BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
Treatment: manganese and boron coucentrationse0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“A decrease in yield and an increase in spotting were found to be associated with an increase in the manganese and boron coucentrations of the solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–487

e1
“Barley plants grown in standard Hoagland solutions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–227

Title

Manganese and Boron Toxicities in Standard Culture Solutions1

D. Emerton Williams; James Vlamis Soil Science Society of America Journal 1957. doi:10.2136/sssaj1957.03615995002100020018x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were toxic to barley.
Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were slightly toxic to lettuce.
Observation Recommended manganese and boron concentrations were non-toxic to tomato plants.
Observation Barley in standard Hoagland solution developed dark brown older-leaf spots.
Association Higher manganese and boron concentrations were associated with increase in barley spotting.
Association Barley leaf manganese content correlated with toxicity symptoms.
Intervention effect Decreasing the manganese concentration repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect increasing the macro-salt concentration repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect adding sodium silicate repressed or prevented barley manganese spots.
Intervention effect Supplemental calcium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Supplemental magnesium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Supplemental potassium salts reduced barley leaf manganese.
Intervention effect Silicon repressed barley manganese toxicity symptoms.
Intervention effect Silicon had no effect on barley leaf manganese content.
Intervention effect Reducing the boron concentration eliminated boron spotting in barley.
Intervention effect increasing the macro-salt concentration eliminated boron spotting in barley.
Intervention effect Added silicon slightly reduced barley boron necrosis.
Observation Winter-grown barley tolerated higher manganese before toxicity symptoms than summer-grown plants.
Observation Winter-grown barley tolerated higher boron concentrations before toxicity symptoms than summer-grown plants.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield is inferred to decrease by ten to thirty per cent in the disease.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Interactor: Aphelenchoides oryzaeAphelenchoides oryzaee1pathogen
Outcome: yielde2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: Ten to thirty per cente2
Qualifier: inferrede2

Verbatim

t0
“A Rice Nematode Disease "Senchu Shingare Byo" : Ⅰ. Symptom and Pathogenic Nematode”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82

e2
“Ten to thirty per cent decrease in yield is inferred”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1094–1146

e1
“The causal nematode, Aphelenchoides oryzae Yokoo, is characteristic in having star shaped, trifurcated mucro at its tail end”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1218–1342

Title

A Rice Nematode Disease "Senchu Shingare Byo" : Ⅰ. Symptom and Pathogenic Nematode

Hazime Yoshii; Shigeo Yamamoto Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 1950. doi:10.5109/22625

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Bleached-tip symptoms appear on rice after the beginning of elongation growth in upland and watered fields.
Observation The leaf tip of about 2 to 5 cm becomes pale yellowish green to white or transparent.
Observation The discolored part later becomes brownish and is torn off.
Observation Affected leaves are considerably shortened and usually twisted at the apical portion.
Observation Leaves with bleached-tips or white-tips are commonly situated alternately on a stem.
Observation Sometimes the bleached-tip symptoms are invisible on the whole leaves of affected plants.
Observation In paddy fields in Kyushu, about three times as many stems are affected by the pathogen as show white tips.
Observation Affected plants are usually stunted.
Observation Affected plants have many tillers with dark green colored leaves.
Observation Tillers from higher nodes are often observed on affected plants.
Association The ear length of affected plants is reduced.
Observation Unhulled grain of affected plants becomes slender.
Association The percentage of fragmental grain is increased on affected plants.
Observation The disease spreads widely in Japan, from Hokkaido to Kyushu.
Observation The causal nematode Aphelenchoides oryzae has a star-shaped, trifurcated mucro at its tail end.
Observation The tail end of the male nematode bends when killed by heat.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed yield per plant declined with the decrease in fertile tiller numbers.

Taxon: timothyPhleum pratensee0
Material: S.48e0
Organ / stage: fertile tiller numberse6
Outcome: Seed yield per plante6
Direction: declinede6

Verbatim

e0
“spaced plants of S.48 timothy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 39–68

e6
“Seed yield per plant declined with the decrease in fertile tiller numbers, but after the early cuts some compensation by production of slightly more seed per ear was recorded”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 768–942

Title

THE EFFECT OF TIME OF CUTTING ON EAR PRODUCTION AND SEED YIELD IN S.48 TIMOTHY

R. H. M. Langer Grass and Forage Science 1957. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00097.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Plant and unit tiller weight increased throughout the season in the herbage removed at each cut.
Association The number of tillers declined, especially before shooting began.
Intervention effect Cutting up to 5 May did not affect the date of ear emergence.
Intervention effect Plants cut on 19 May had a slightly delayed date of ear emergence.
Intervention effect Plants treated subsequently flowered much later.
Observation The interval following defoliation before flowering was fairly constant.
Intervention effect Cutting on and after 7 April depressed fertile tiller formation with increasing severity.
Observation Only vegetative tillers appeared in the recovery growth after treatment at the beginning of August.
Association After the early cuts, seed per ear was slightly higher, a partial compensation for fewer fertile tillers.

Mechanism 10

Show all 10 →

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors attribute ridge soil nutrient deficiency to oxidative soil conditions and link it to lower yield.

Taxon: Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
Outcome: yield decreasee0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: striking development of the oxidative state in soilse0

Verbatim

t0
“Rice Plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–55

e0
“This nutritive deficiency was largely attributed to the striking development of the oxidative state in soils as already reported in the previous paper, and consequently caused the yield decrease.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2304–2499

Title

Fundamental Studies on the Ridge-Culture of Rice Plants : (4) Contents of Nitrogen and Carbondioxide in Soils, and the Plant Growth and Yields.

Tdayo WATABE; Kouji KITAGAWA; Yoshikazu YAGI; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1955. doi:10.1626/jcs.23.163

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Soil NH3-N decreased more rapidly under ridge than level culture.
Observation Ridge soils had more NO3-N than control soils.
Observation Ridge soils had more carbondioxide than control soils.
Intervention effect Rice plant height was greater in ridge plots during vegetative growth.
Intervention effect Rice tiller count was greater in ridge plots during vegetative growth.
Intervention effect Rice leaf blade nitrogen content was greater in ridge plots during vegetative growth.
Observation During generative growth, the earlier ridge advantage in height, tillers and leaf nitrogen reversed.
Intervention effect Rice root maximum length exceeded controls under ridge culture throughout growth.
Intervention effect Rice root dry weight exceeded controls under ridge culture throughout growth.
Observation Rice top-to-root ratio was higher under level culture than ridge culture.
Observation Rice heading was somewhat earlier in ridge plots than controls.
Intervention effect Rice grain weight per plant was greater in controls than ridge plots.
Intervention effect Rice grains per ear were greater in controls than ridge plots.
Intervention effect Grain weights relative to culm and leaf weights were markedly smaller in ridge plots.
Intervention effect Ridge culture reduced rice yield per unit area by 11∼23% compared with controls.
Mechanism Better ridge soil physical conditions may favor rice vegetative vigor.
Mechanism The authors attribute the decline of rice vegetative growth during generative growth to nutrient deficiency in ridge soil.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower grain yield under submergence was associated with decrease in number of heads per plant, caused by decay of heads after interrupted internode elongation and early tillering.

Taxon: naked barleyt0
Organ / stage: heading staget0
Outcome: decrease in number of heads per plante5
Qualifier: decaying of head after the interruption of internode elongation in parent stalk and early appeared tilleringse6

Verbatim

t0
“Submerging injury to naked barley on heading stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–112

e5
“The lowering of products above-mentioned was due to both of occurrence of sterile spikelet and decrease in number of heads per plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 449–581

e6
“The latter was caused by the decaying of head after the interruption of internode elongation in parent stalk and early appeared tillerings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–856

Title

Studies on Submerging Injury of Naked Barley and Wheat. : IV. Submerging injury to naked barley on heading stage

Kazunori IBARAKI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1957. doi:10.1626/jcs.26.117

Other claims from this paper (4)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Late stems produced grains that compensated for yield losses to differing degrees.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organ / stage: lately developed stemse0
Outcome: producing grains in compensation the decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“the lately developed stems were capable of producing grains in compensation the decrease and this compensation differs with the defferent field.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2059–2203

t0
“wheat plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–35

Title

On the frost damage of wheat plants occured at Tokorozawa district, Saitama prefecture in 1955

Y. OKAMOTO; Y. KANZAKI; H. INOUE; et al. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1956. doi:10.2480/agrmet.12.13

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Frost killed young ears in low winter type wheat and induced late tiller ears and delayed heading.
Observation Frost caused 68.3% dead stems in the severely damaged field.
Observation Frost caused 48.1% dead stems in the intermediately damaged field.
Observation Frost caused 23.3% dead stems in the lightly damaged field.
Association Damage differences were likely related to growth and developmental stage.
Observation Damage changed late stem number, stem length and stem diameter.
Observation Damage delayed wheat heading.
Association Frost damage degree correlated strongly with changed morphological characters and those characters correlated with each other.
Observation Frost decreased complete grains and their proportion.
Observation Frost increased incomplete grain quantity.
Observation Frost decreased thousand grain weight.
Observation Slightly damaged wheat fields had no actual yield decrease.
Observation Intermediate damage reduced wheat yield by about 30%.
Observation Severe damage reduced wheat yield by about 70%.
Method / resource Late stem productivity may estimate frost related wheat yield loss.
Association Late stem productivity correlated significantly with delayed heading days, stem length and stem diameter.

Method / resource 1

Show all 1 →

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The point when the percentage increase peaked and then slowed marked when fruit-bearing percentage was destined.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Outcome: period in which fruit bearing percentage is destinede0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“the period when the rate of increase in the percentage above mentioned reaches a maximum and thereafter the rate begins to decrease remarkably has been proved to be the period in which fruit bearing percentage is destined”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2340–2561

t0
“Lowland Rice (Preliminary report)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–78

Title

Crop-Scientific Studies on Yield-Forecast of Lowland Rice (Preliminary report) : XI. On Forecast of Fruit Bearing Percentage in Rice (1)

Seizo MATSUSHIMA; Takio MANAKA; Nobuyuki KOMATSU Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1954. doi:10.1626/jcs.23.41b

Other claims from this paper (9)

Recommendation 1

Show all 1 →

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude sparse sowing can maintain higher yield even with late transplanting, subject to weather.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Outcome: higher yielde0
Qualifier: different weathere0

Verbatim

e0
“rice crop sown sparsely seemed to be able to produce higher yield, even when it transplanted later than usual culture method. But this trend might not be always observed because the different result would be obtained under different weather”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1667–1907

t0
“Rice Plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–63

Title

Analysis of Mechanisms of the Decrease of Yields of Rice Plants Cultured under Late-Transplanting Conditions : (I) On the Yielding Efficiency of Seedlings Sowed Sparsely and Densely to Seed-Bed

tetsuro KOMATSU; Tetsuya HIRANO; Kizo SUENAGA; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1952. doi:10.1626/jcs.21.187

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Sparsely sown rice seedlings produced more than thirty tillers by transplanting.
Intervention effect Sparsely sown rice had high yield under late transplanting.
Intervention effect Densely sown rice had no tillers at transplanting.
Intervention effect Densely sown rice yielded about half the usual culture yield.
Observation After transplanting, sparse plot rice continued some tillering.
Observation After transplanting, dense plot rice developed many new tillers at upper stem nodes.
Intervention effect Sparsely sown seedlings produced more tillers and ears.
Mechanism Early lower stem tillering led to earlier heading.
Mechanism Early heading resulted in heavier grain weight.
Mechanism Narrow seedbed spacing seriously inhibited tillering.
Intervention effect Dense sowing produced fewer tillers and stems than other plots.
Mechanism Delayed tillering delayed heading.
Mechanism Delayed heading resulted in light grains.

“yield decrease”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics

Intervention effect 66

Observation 26

Association 15

Mechanism 10

Method / resource 1

Recommendation 1