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“yield decrease”

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Recommendationhypothesisoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Off-field residue feeding could further reduce feed deficits during the dry-to-wet season transition.

Taxon: crope1
Treatment: Off-field residue feedinge5
Outcome: feed deficitse5
Direction: could further reducee5

Verbatim

e1
“We found that modest SI measures (small fertilizer quantities, weeding, and crop rotation) led to moderate yield increases of between a factor of 1.2 and 1.6 and reduced soil carbon loss, but they sometimes caused increased growing-season water limitation effects”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1680–1943

e5
“Off-field residue feeding during the dry-to-wet season transition could further reduce feed deficits and decrease rangeland grazing pressure during the early growing season”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2355–2527

Title

Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective

Mirjam Pfeiffer; Munir P. Hoffmann; Simon Scheiter; et al. Biogeosciences 2022. doi:10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Modest sustainable intensification measures increased simulated crop yield by a factor of 1.2 to 1.6.
Intervention effect Modest sustainable intensification measures reduced simulated soil carbon loss.
Intervention effect Modest sustainable intensification measures sometimes increased growing-season water limitation.
Observation Sustainable intensification effects on crops varied strongly between years.
Intervention effect Dry-season crop residue grazing reduced feed deficits by approximately a factor of 2 compared with the rangeland-only scenario.
Intervention effect Dry-season crop residue grazing could not fully compensate feed deficits during the dry-to-wet season transition.
Recommendation Targeted deficit irrigation or water-retention measures may enhance sustainable intensification efforts.
Recommendation Integrative modeling frameworks are needed to evaluate landscape-level interactions between ecosystem components.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) achieved water savings of approximately 50% relative to a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.

Taxon: PomegranatePunica granatumt0
Treatment: SDI strategye2
Outcome: water savingse2
Direction: achievede2
Value: approximately 50%e2
Comparator: fully irrigated controle0
Setting: Paiporta, Valencia, Spaine1

Verbatim

t0
“Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–113

e0
“L.) compared to a fully irrigated control in a Mediterranean climate”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–68

e1
“Field trials were conducted over two growing seasons at the Cajamar Experimental Center in Paiporta, Valencia, Spain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 70–186

e2
“The SDI strategy, which achieved considerable water savings of approximately 50%, led to a reduction in yield (both total and marketable), as well as a decrease in the size and unit weight of the fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 188–390

Title

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Quality Characteristics and Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits

Rossana Porras-Jorge; José Mariano Aguilar; Carlos Baixauli; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14050720

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect SDI reduced total and marketable yield of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI decreased fruit size and unit weight of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI produced arils with higher dry matter content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI produced aril juice with higher soluble solids content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI left the maturity index of pomegranate unchanged across the irrigation strategies.
Intervention effect SDI increased non-marketable production of pomegranate because of more cracking, particularly in the hot, dry summer of 2023.
Intervention effect SDI gave a greater percentage of pink-red rind on marketable pomegranate fruits than the other strategies.
Recommendation SDI could allow earlier harvesting of pomegranate and so enhance its commercial value.
Intervention effect Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) achieved a slight water saving in pomegranate.
Intervention effect RDI did not compromise marketable yield or fruit quality characteristics of pomegranate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SDI produced arils with higher dry matter content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.

Taxon: PomegranatePunica granatumt0
Organ / stage: arilse3
Treatment: SDI strategye2
Outcome: dry matter contente3
Direction: highere3
Comparator: fully irrigated controle0

Verbatim

t0
“Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–113

e0
“L.) compared to a fully irrigated control in a Mediterranean climate”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–68

e2
“The SDI strategy, which achieved considerable water savings of approximately 50%, led to a reduction in yield (both total and marketable), as well as a decrease in the size and unit weight of the fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 188–390

e3
“it also produced arils with higher dry matter content and aril juice with higher soluble solids content, all without altering the maturity index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 401–545

Title

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Quality Characteristics and Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits

Rossana Porras-Jorge; José Mariano Aguilar; Carlos Baixauli; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14050720

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) achieved water savings of approximately 50% relative to a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI reduced total and marketable yield of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI decreased fruit size and unit weight of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI produced aril juice with higher soluble solids content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI left the maturity index of pomegranate unchanged across the irrigation strategies.
Intervention effect SDI increased non-marketable production of pomegranate because of more cracking, particularly in the hot, dry summer of 2023.
Intervention effect SDI gave a greater percentage of pink-red rind on marketable pomegranate fruits than the other strategies.
Recommendation SDI could allow earlier harvesting of pomegranate and so enhance its commercial value.
Intervention effect Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) achieved a slight water saving in pomegranate.
Intervention effect RDI did not compromise marketable yield or fruit quality characteristics of pomegranate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The conventional system increased weight of 1000 grains and number of ears per m2 of winter wheat.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: conventional systeme4
Outcome: weight of 1000 grains, number of ears m -2e4
Direction: increasee4
Comparator: four farming systemse2

Verbatim

e0
“continuous cropping of winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 696–731

e2
“assess the impact of four farming systems”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 52–93

e4
“The conventional system affects the increase of the yearly mean concentrations of the total amount of bound amino acids, the ammonium ions, and the grain yield, weight of 1000 grains, number of ears m -2 and the decrease of the total amount of free phenolic acids in the soils”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 940–1216

Title

Impact of the farming systems on the content of biologically active substances and the forms of nitrogen in the soils

Teresa Meysner; L. Szajdak; Jan Kuś Agronomy Research 2006

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

IS-1 Pn decreased by 65.88% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.

Taxon: Stevia rebaudinat0
Material: IS-1e1
Treatment: waterlogging for 10de0
Outcome: Pne0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 65.88%e0
Comparator: CKe0

Verbatim

e0
“And the Pn of different materials in treatment T2(waterlogging for 10d) showed maximum decrease,which decreased for 65.88%,78.51%,74.44%,71.68% and 59.58% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–1073

e1
“the SPAD value of the IS-1,QF-1,Qingtianza4,JD-1 and AL-4 in the treatment Tb(waterlogging for 10 days) decreased for 21.29%,34.57%,27.84%,23.01% and 17.59% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–889

t0
“Stevia rebaudina”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–80

Title

Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthesis and Dry Leaf Yield of Stevia rebaudina

Yan Shi Zhongguo tangliao 2012

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Five days of waterlogging did not significantly change SPAD, gas-exchange measures or dry leaf production in stevia.
Intervention effect IS-1 SPAD value decreased by 21.29% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 SPAD value decreased by 34.57% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 SPAD value decreased by 27.84% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 SPAD value decreased by 23.01% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 SPAD value decreased by 17.59% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 Pn decreased by 78.51% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 Pn decreased by 74.44% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 Pn decreased by 71.68% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 Pn decreased by 59.58% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Observation Gs and Tr followed a same trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Observation Ci followed a opposite trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Intervention effect Longer waterlogging reduced dry leaf yield per plant.
Observation Stevia materials varied in dry leaf yield decline and waterlogging tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

QF-1 Pn decreased by 78.51% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.

Taxon: Stevia rebaudinat0
Material: QF-1e1
Treatment: waterlogging for 10de0
Outcome: Pne0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 78.51%e0
Comparator: CKe0

Verbatim

e0
“And the Pn of different materials in treatment T2(waterlogging for 10d) showed maximum decrease,which decreased for 65.88%,78.51%,74.44%,71.68% and 59.58% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–1073

e1
“the SPAD value of the IS-1,QF-1,Qingtianza4,JD-1 and AL-4 in the treatment Tb(waterlogging for 10 days) decreased for 21.29%,34.57%,27.84%,23.01% and 17.59% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–889

t0
“Stevia rebaudina”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–80

Title

Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthesis and Dry Leaf Yield of Stevia rebaudina

Yan Shi Zhongguo tangliao 2012

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Five days of waterlogging did not significantly change SPAD, gas-exchange measures or dry leaf production in stevia.
Intervention effect IS-1 SPAD value decreased by 21.29% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 SPAD value decreased by 34.57% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 SPAD value decreased by 27.84% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 SPAD value decreased by 23.01% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 SPAD value decreased by 17.59% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect IS-1 Pn decreased by 65.88% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 Pn decreased by 74.44% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 Pn decreased by 71.68% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 Pn decreased by 59.58% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Observation Gs and Tr followed a same trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Observation Ci followed a opposite trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Intervention effect Longer waterlogging reduced dry leaf yield per plant.
Observation Stevia materials varied in dry leaf yield decline and waterlogging tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

JD-1 Pn decreased by 71.68% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.

Taxon: Stevia rebaudinat0
Material: JD-1e1
Treatment: waterlogging for 10de0
Outcome: Pne0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 71.68%e0
Comparator: CKe0

Verbatim

e0
“And the Pn of different materials in treatment T2(waterlogging for 10d) showed maximum decrease,which decreased for 65.88%,78.51%,74.44%,71.68% and 59.58% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–1073

e1
“the SPAD value of the IS-1,QF-1,Qingtianza4,JD-1 and AL-4 in the treatment Tb(waterlogging for 10 days) decreased for 21.29%,34.57%,27.84%,23.01% and 17.59% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–889

t0
“Stevia rebaudina”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–80

Title

Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthesis and Dry Leaf Yield of Stevia rebaudina

Yan Shi Zhongguo tangliao 2012

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Five days of waterlogging did not significantly change SPAD, gas-exchange measures or dry leaf production in stevia.
Intervention effect IS-1 SPAD value decreased by 21.29% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 SPAD value decreased by 34.57% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 SPAD value decreased by 27.84% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 SPAD value decreased by 23.01% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 SPAD value decreased by 17.59% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect IS-1 Pn decreased by 65.88% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 Pn decreased by 78.51% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 Pn decreased by 74.44% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 Pn decreased by 59.58% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Observation Gs and Tr followed a same trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Observation Ci followed a opposite trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Intervention effect Longer waterlogging reduced dry leaf yield per plant.
Observation Stevia materials varied in dry leaf yield decline and waterlogging tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

AL-4 Pn decreased by 59.58% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.

Taxon: Stevia rebaudinat0
Material: AL-4e1
Treatment: waterlogging for 10de0
Outcome: Pne0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 59.58%e0
Comparator: CKe0

Verbatim

e0
“And the Pn of different materials in treatment T2(waterlogging for 10d) showed maximum decrease,which decreased for 65.88%,78.51%,74.44%,71.68% and 59.58% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–1073

e1
“the SPAD value of the IS-1,QF-1,Qingtianza4,JD-1 and AL-4 in the treatment Tb(waterlogging for 10 days) decreased for 21.29%,34.57%,27.84%,23.01% and 17.59% than that of CK,respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–889

t0
“Stevia rebaudina”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–80

Title

Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthesis and Dry Leaf Yield of Stevia rebaudina

Yan Shi Zhongguo tangliao 2012

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Five days of waterlogging did not significantly change SPAD, gas-exchange measures or dry leaf production in stevia.
Intervention effect IS-1 SPAD value decreased by 21.29% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 SPAD value decreased by 34.57% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 SPAD value decreased by 27.84% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 SPAD value decreased by 23.01% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect AL-4 SPAD value decreased by 17.59% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect IS-1 Pn decreased by 65.88% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect QF-1 Pn decreased by 78.51% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect Qingtianza4 Pn decreased by 74.44% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Intervention effect JD-1 Pn decreased by 71.68% after ten days of waterlogging versus CK.
Observation Gs and Tr followed a same trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Observation Ci followed a opposite trend relative to Pn during waterlogging.
Intervention effect Longer waterlogging reduced dry leaf yield per plant.
Observation Stevia materials varied in dry leaf yield decline and waterlogging tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf neutral detergent insoluble protein concentration decreased from 402.9 to 396.2 g.kg-1 CP with nitrogen dose.

Taxon: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu grassUrochloa brizanthae1
Organ / stage: leafe0
Treatment: doses of nitrogene0
Outcome: neutral detergent insoluble proteine0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 402.9 to 396.2 g.kg-1 CPe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The doses of nitrogen affected the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (from 294.6 to 381.4 g.kg-1, in the leaf), crude protein (from 86.1 to 99.6 g.kg-1, in the leaf) and neutral detergent insoluble protein (from 402.9 to 396.2 g.kg-1 CP, in the leaf)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 788–1046

e1
“Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu grass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 150–188

Title

Yield, chemical composition, and efficiency of use of nitrogen by Marandu grass

Tadeu Silva de Oliveira; Fernando de Paula Leonel; José Carlos Pereira; et al. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 2014. doi:10.1590/s1516-35982014000800007

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Dry mass production rose by 1,624.67 kg/ha as nitrogen doses increased.
Intervention effect Leaf neutral detergent fiber concentration increased from 294.6 to 381.4 g.kg-1 with nitrogen dose.
Intervention effect Leaf crude protein concentration increased from 86.1 to 99.6 g.kg-1 with nitrogen dose.
Intervention effect Nitrogen use efficiency increased with nitrogen doses.
Intervention effect Recovery of applied nitrogen was not affected by nitrogen doses.
Intervention effect Agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen was not affected by nitrogen doses.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher nitrogen rates significantly increased cluster and berry dimensions and berry mass.

Taxon: grapet0
Treatment: Increasing N rates from zero% to 100%e0
Outcome: cluster length and width, berry length and diameter, volume and weight of 100 berriese0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: zero%e0

Verbatim

e0
“Increasing N rates from zero% to 100% caused a significant increase in cluster length and width, berry length and diameter, volume and weight of 100 berries, T.S.S, T.S.S / acid ratio and a significant decrease in total acidity in both cultivars.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 728–974

t0
“Seedless Grape Cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 148–172

Title

Effect of Biofertilizers as a Partial Substitute for Nitrogen Fertilzier on Vegetative Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Leaf Mineral Content of Two Seedless Grape Cultivars II: Fruit Quality and Leaf Mineral Content

A. S. El-Sabagh; F. El-Morsy; A. R. Farag 2011

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Higher nitrogen rates significantly increased soluble solids and the soluble solids to acid ratio.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen rates significantly decreased total acidity.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer treatments gave the highest physical-property and soluble-solids-to-acid values.
Intervention effect Biofertilizers significantly decreased juice acidity compared with the control.
Intervention effect The 50% nitrogen plus 20 gm Biogen treatment gave the highest studied characteristic values.
Intervention effect Nitrogen and biofertilizer treatments significantly increased leaf-petiole N, P and K in both cultivars.
Intervention effect Forty nitrogen units plus Biogen increased Thompson seedless yield relative to 80 units without biofertilizers.
Intervention effect Thirty nitrogen units plus Biogen increased Flame seedless yield relative to 60 units without biofertilizers.
Intervention effect Biogen with reduced nitrogen improved grape fruit quality compared with higher nitrogen without biofertilizer.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofertilizers can reduce recommended nitrogen use by about 50%.

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“yield decrease”

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