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“yield decrease”

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1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

plus 19 earlier · 1910s–1940s

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ear shading caused a slightly greater yield decrease for Proctor and Herta, without significant varietal differences.

Treatment: shading the earse0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the decrease in grain yield by shading the ears was slightly greater for Proctor and Herta, the differences were not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1652–1781

Title

Physiological Causes of Differences in Grain Yield between Varieties of Barley

D. J. WATSON; GILLIAN N. THORNE; S. A. W. FRENCH Annals of Botany 1958. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083616

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Proctor and Herta yielded 10—15 per cent more grain than Plumage-Archer without nitrogen fertilizer.
Intervention effect Nitrogen increased the varietal grain yield difference to about 30 per cent.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen caused Plumage-Archer lodging without increasing its yield.
Observation Proctor and Herta remained standing under higher nitrogen.
Observation The three varieties had similar leaf-area index, net assimilation rate and total dry weight before ear emergence.
Association After ear emergence Herta had a smaller leaf-area index than Proctor and Plumage-Archer.
Observation Shaded-ear pot experiment found nearly equal dry matter contribution per leaf area across varieties.
Mechanism The authors attributed higher yield to photosynthesis by the ears.
Association In pots, Proctor and Herta yielded only about 6 per cent more than Plumage-Archer.
Association Field ear sizes were greater for Proctor and Herta than Plumage-Archer.
Association Ear dry weight at emergence was greater in the higher yielding varieties.
Observation Herta ears may have higher photosynthetic efficiency.
Association Plumage-Archer absorbed more potassium.
Association Herta absorbed less phosphorus than the other varieties.
Observation About a quarter of final nitrogen was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation A third of phosphorus was absorbed after ear emergence.
Observation Potassium content was nearly maximal at ear emergence and later decreased.
Observation Ear photosynthesis contributed 26 per cent of grain dry matter, including 10 per cent from awns.
Observation Flag-leaf lamina, sheath and peduncle supplied 59 per cent of grain dry matter, and lower shoots supplied 15 per cent.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Selection for nematode resistance did not decrease sugar beet root yield.

Treatment: Selection for resistance to nematodee0
Interactor: nematodeNematodae0pest
Outcome: root yieldse0
Direction: did not decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Selection for resistance to nematode did not decrease root yields.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–249

Title

Breeding Sugar Beets for Resistance to Nematodes¹

R. E. Finkner; J. F. Swink Agronomy Journal 1956. doi:10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800090001x

Other claims from this paper (1)

Observation Currently grown sugar beet varieties showed moderate nematode resistance by sugar yield.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Slightly damaged wheat fields had no actual yield decrease.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: not founde0
Setting: slightly damaged fielde0

Verbatim

e0
“Actual decrease in yield was not found in the slightly damaged field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1794–1862

t0
“wheat plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–35

Title

On the frost damage of wheat plants occured at Tokorozawa district, Saitama prefecture in 1955

Y. OKAMOTO; Y. KANZAKI; H. INOUE; et al. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1956. doi:10.2480/agrmet.12.13

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Frost killed young ears in low winter type wheat and induced late tiller ears and delayed heading.
Observation Frost caused 68.3% dead stems in the severely damaged field.
Observation Frost caused 48.1% dead stems in the intermediately damaged field.
Observation Frost caused 23.3% dead stems in the lightly damaged field.
Association Damage differences were likely related to growth and developmental stage.
Observation Damage changed late stem number, stem length and stem diameter.
Observation Damage delayed wheat heading.
Association Frost damage degree correlated strongly with changed morphological characters and those characters correlated with each other.
Observation Frost decreased complete grains and their proportion.
Observation Frost increased incomplete grain quantity.
Observation Frost decreased thousand grain weight.
Observation Intermediate damage reduced wheat yield by about 30%.
Observation Severe damage reduced wheat yield by about 70%.
Mechanism Late stems produced grains that compensated for yield losses to differing degrees.
Method / resource Late stem productivity may estimate frost related wheat yield loss.
Association Late stem productivity correlated significantly with delayed heading days, stem length and stem diameter.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield decrease at flower organ differentiation was hardly recognized.

Taxon: naked barleyt0
Organ / stage: flower organe1
Outcome: yield decreasee0
Direction: hardly recognizede0

Verbatim

e0
“But the yield decrease was hardly recognized, because of the few abnormality in ears and the good fertility in seeds.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 452–569

t0
“naked barley "Hashirihadaka" caused by the unusual low temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 39–105

e1
“Damages of plants at the differentiation stage of flower organ.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–358

Title

Studies on Cold Injury in Different Growing Stage of Naked Barley.

Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI; Shunji HIGASHI; Satoru KAGOHASHI; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1959. doi:10.1626/jcs.27.393

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Cold injury at flower organ differentiation slightly delayed growth and injured some ears.
Observation Some pollen mother cells were injured, with irregular development, degeneration and corruption.
Observation Ears that had already headed showed partial sterility during booting to heading.
Observation At booting to heading, pollen abnormalities included fewer microspores, vacuolate pollen and empty anthers.
Observation Cold injury at heading to flowering made ears white.
Observation Almost all white ears were partly or fully sterile.
Observation Culm elongation was poor and stalk heights varied.
Observation Cold injury stopped pollen development and caused death and corruption.
Observation Abnormalities occurred in ovaries and anthers.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher insecticide rates may decrease soybean yield.

Taxon: SoybeansGlycine maxt0
Treatment: higher rates of applicatione0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasinge0
Qualifier: may cause foliage injurye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–84

e0
“higher rates of application may cause foliage injury to the extent of decreasing yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 173–260

Title

Effect of Foliage Insecticides on Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans¹

A. H. Probst; Ray T. Everly Agronomy Journal 1957. doi:10.2134/agronj1957.00021962004900110003x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation The tested organic insecticides were used satisfactorily on soybeans.
Intervention effect Higher insecticide rates may cause soybean foliage injury and reduce yield.
Observation Injurious insect populations remained at sub-economic levels in each study year.
Association Injurious insects were not an important factor affecting soybean growth or yield.
Intervention effect The tested insecticides had little or no effect on seed size, protein and oil content, and oil iodine number.
Recommendation The authors advise applying soybean foliage insecticides at recommended dosages.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed yield per plant declined with the decrease in fertile tiller numbers.

Taxon: timothyPhleum pratensee0
Material: S.48e0
Organ / stage: fertile tiller numberse6
Outcome: Seed yield per plante6
Direction: declinede6

Verbatim

e0
“spaced plants of S.48 timothy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 39–68

e6
“Seed yield per plant declined with the decrease in fertile tiller numbers, but after the early cuts some compensation by production of slightly more seed per ear was recorded”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 768–942

Title

THE EFFECT OF TIME OF CUTTING ON EAR PRODUCTION AND SEED YIELD IN S.48 TIMOTHY

R. H. M. Langer Grass and Forage Science 1957. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00097.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Plant and unit tiller weight increased throughout the season in the herbage removed at each cut.
Association The number of tillers declined, especially before shooting began.
Intervention effect Cutting up to 5 May did not affect the date of ear emergence.
Intervention effect Plants cut on 19 May had a slightly delayed date of ear emergence.
Intervention effect Plants treated subsequently flowered much later.
Observation The interval following defoliation before flowering was fairly constant.
Intervention effect Cutting on and after 7 April depressed fertile tiller formation with increasing severity.
Observation Only vegetative tillers appeared in the recovery growth after treatment at the beginning of August.
Association After the early cuts, seed per ear was slightly higher, a partial compensation for fewer fertile tillers.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Night temperature 2°C below natural from the maximum stage did not promote Akiochi or decrease grain yield.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 2°C 1owere0
Outcome: did note0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

t0
“Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–65

e0
“but 2°C 1ower plots did not”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 323–350

Title

Effect of Night Temperature at Ear-developing Stage on Rice Plant

S. ABE; M. WADA Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1957. doi:10.1626/jcs.26.99

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect High night temperature from the maximum tillers stage promoted Akiochi.
Intervention effect High night temperature from the maximum stage decreased grain yield.
Observation An 8 plot had the highest yield in the series treated from the maximum stage.
Intervention effect Higher night temperature from heading gave superior yield to natural temperature.
Intervention effect Lower night temperature from heading gave inferior yield to natural temperature.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa yields.

Taxon: AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: Nitrogen fertilizatione0
Outcome: yieldse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease yields and stands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 239–298

t0
“Alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–99

Title

The Effect of Different Fertility Levels on Yield, Persistence, and Chemical Composition of Alfalfa¹

John L. Gerwig; Gilbert H. Ahlgren Agronomy Journal 1958. doi:10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000060001x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Potash was the most important factor maintaining high alfalfa yield and stand persistence.
Observation The critical potassium percentage varied between seasons.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa stand persistence.
Intervention effect Phosphorus had no significant beneficial effect on alfalfa.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa stand persistence.

Taxon: AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
Treatment: Nitrogen fertilizatione0
Outcome: standse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease yields and stands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 239–298

t0
“Alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–99

Title

The Effect of Different Fertility Levels on Yield, Persistence, and Chemical Composition of Alfalfa¹

John L. Gerwig; Gilbert H. Ahlgren Agronomy Journal 1958. doi:10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000060001x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Potash was the most important factor maintaining high alfalfa yield and stand persistence.
Observation The critical potassium percentage varied between seasons.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilization tended to decrease alfalfa yields.
Intervention effect Phosphorus had no significant beneficial effect on alfalfa.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Omitting potassium significantly decreased potato yield in 1952.

Taxon: PotatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: elimination of potassiume0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: In 1952e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In 1952 the elimination of potassium did cause a significant decrease in yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1007

t0
“Potatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–45

Title

Utilization of Residual Fertility by Potatoes

R. A. Struchtemeyer; C. E. Cunningham; P. N. Carpenter Soil Science Society of America Journal 1955. doi:10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900020026x

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Omitting phosphorus from fertilizer significantly decreased potato yields.
Intervention effect Omitting potassium did not significantly reduce potato yield in 1951.
Association Potatoes appeared to mine soil potassium reserves more efficiently than phosphorus reserves.

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“yield decrease”

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