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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves

Taxon: hybrid riceOryza sativat0 e1
Organ / stage: leavese0 e1
Treatment: light water stresse0 e1
Outcome: ROSe0 e1
Direction: accumulatede0 e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–409

e1
“However,in severe water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreaded rapidly,the content ROS and the activity of SOD were higher than in light water stress,but at the 7～9 days the activity of SOD began to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 410–638

t0
“hybrid rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–75

Title

Effect of water stress on photosynthesis and yield character of hybrid rice at different stages

Guotao Yang Ganhan diqu nongye yanjiu 2008

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in severe water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreaded rapidly
Intervention effect the content ROS and the activity of SOD were higher than in light water stress
Intervention effect at the 7～9 days the activity of SOD began to decrease
Intervention effect After harvest,the magnitude of yield treated with different water stress is summarized as: CKlightsevere
Observation the results showed 6 different protein bands
Intervention effect Followed by increasing water stress degree,the light of protein band increased gradually
Observation It also showed difference in two varieties
Observation The ability of resistance to water stress at three stages were summarized as: Booting stage flowering stagetillering stage
Observation B-You 827 had higher resistance to both light and severe water stress compared to Gangyou 725 at three stages

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat and salinity stress changed sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: HS and SSe0
Outcome: sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulatione0
Direction: increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“This study’s findings reveal that HS and SS caused a significant decrease in the growth and yield of wheat by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation; and decreasing relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA), as well as nutrient upta…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–1270

Title

Silicon Induces Heat and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat by Increasing Antioxidant Activities, Photosynthetic Activity, Nutrient Homeostasis, and Osmo-Protectant Synthesis

Ansa Aouz; Imran Khan; Muhammad Bilal Chattha; et al. Plants 2023. doi:10.3390/plants12142606

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed growth and yield.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA).
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg).
Intervention effect Silicon application changed growth and yield under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, RWC, antioxidant activity under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed TSP, FAA accumulation, and nutrient uptake (Ca, K, and Mg) under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2 under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed uptake of Na+ and Cl− under stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased the relative chlorophyll rate of leaves.

Taxon: Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
Material: Francyt0
Organ / stage: leavese1
Treatment: Pruning at the level of 4 canese1
Outcome: relative chlorophyll rate of leavese1
Direction: increasee1
Setting: Tikrit University, Iraqe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Effect of Pruning and Fertilization with Bio Fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) on Some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Francy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–155

e0
“Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering/Tikrit University, Iraq”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 64–140

e1
“Pruning at the level of 4 canes vine −1 at a rate of (48 eyes vine −1 ) led to a significant increase in the relative chlorophyll rate of leaves, cluster weight, percentage of soluble solids, total sugars, and anthocyanin rate in fruits, and a decrease in the total acidity rate in fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 804–1092

Title

Effect of Pruning and Fertilization with Bio Fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) on Some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Francy

Suzan Ali Hussein; Mahmood Fadhil Al-Doori IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012061

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased cluster weight.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased soluble solids, total sugars and anthocyanin rate in fruits.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine decreased total acidity rate in fruits.
Intervention effect Pruning at 6 canes per vine significantly increased the average number of clusters, reaching 25.62 gm.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 and 5 canes per vine gave a significant superiority in leaf area.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 and 5 canes per vine gave a significant superiority in yield per grapevine.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased leaf area to 78.11 cm2.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased relative chlorophyll content of leaves to 19.45 CCI.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased the average number of clusters to 25.11 clusters per vine.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased percentage of soluble solids to 16.84%.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased total sugars to 15.42%.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased fruit anthocyanin content to 0.67 mg 100g −1.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer at 15 and 30 gm per vine significantly affected cluster weight.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer at 15 and 30 gm per vine significantly affected grape yield.
Intervention effect Both biofertilizer levels reduced total acidity of the fruits to 0.38%.
Association The pruning by biofertilizer interaction had a clear significant effect on vegetative characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased available nitrogen to 284.16 Kg ha-1.

Taxon: okraAbelmoschus esculentuse2
Treatment: Nano urea and Nano DAP conjugated with potassiume1
Outcome: available nitrogene1
Direction: increasede1
Value: 284.16 Kg ha-1e1
Setting: field experimente3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“In addition to Nano urea and Nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased percentage pore space (48.59%), water holding capacity (45.99%), electrical conductivity (0.36 dS m-1), and available nitrogen (284.16 Kg ha-1), phosphorus (34.63 Kg ha-1), and potassium (256.03 Kg ha-1) and decrease in bulk density (1.29 Mg m-3), Partical density (2.40 Mg m-3), soil pH (7.47)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1328

e2
“yield of okra”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 584–597

e3
“A field experiment was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–32

Title

Effect of nano urea and nano dap conjugated with potassium on physical and chemical properties of soil, growth and yield of okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Sudha

Raghvendra Kumar Kushwaha; Ram Bharose; Mudit Tripathi; et al. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 2024. doi:10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i7h.1560

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium significantly enhanced soil properties, growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T9 (100% nano urea, 100% nano DAP and recommended potassium) gave the highest growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T8 (100% nano urea, 50% nano DAP and recommended potassium) followed T9 in growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect T1 (no nano urea or nano DAP, recommended potassium only) gave the lowest growth and yield of okra.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased percentage pore space to 48.59%.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased water holding capacity to 45.99%.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased electrical conductivity to 0.36 dS m-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased phosphorus to 34.63 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium increased potassium to 256.03 Kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased bulk density to 1.29 Mg m-3.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased particle density to 2.40 Mg m-3.
Intervention effect Nano urea and nano DAP conjugated with potassium decreased soil pH to 7.47.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest benefit cost ratio (1: 6.195) for okra.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest net profit (212,266.60) for okra.
Intervention effect T9 gave the highest yield (112.5 q ha-1) of okra.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Prolonged water stress after two deficit irrigation cycles decreased lemon balm growth and biomass production.

Taxon: Melissa officinalisMelissa officinalise1
Treatment: prolonged water stress after two deficit irrigation cyclese2
Outcome: plant growth and biomass productione2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2
Comparator: full irrigatione1

Verbatim

e1
“Melissa officinalis plants were cultivated under conventional and organic cropping systems, while in each system two irrigation regimes (full irrigation or deficit irrigation) were tested”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 469–656

e2
“prolonged water stress after two deficit irrigation cycles had detrimental effects on the plant growth and biomass production, whereas it significantly increased the essential oil yield, regardless of the cropping system (organic or conventional cultivation)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 874–1132

Title

Essential Oil Composition and Bioactive Properties of Lemon Balm Aerial Parts as Affected by Cropping System and Irrigation Regime

Antonios Chrysargyris; Spyridon A. Petropoulos; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Agronomy 2022. doi:10.3390/agronomy12030649

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly increased essential oil yield regardless of cropping system.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced stomatal conductance in both cropping systems.
Mechanism Growth inhibition was attributed to stomatal closure and carbon dioxide deprivation.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased total phenol and total flavonoid content, especially in the second harvest.
Intervention effect Organic cultivation increased total phenol and total flavonoid content, especially in the second harvest.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased antioxidant activity assayed by the FRAP method.
Intervention effect Organic cultivation increased antioxidant activity assayed by the FRAP method.
Observation DPPH and ABTS methods showed no differences among treatments in the second harvest.
Observation Ascorbic acid content increased in lemon balm.
Intervention effect Geranial and neral increased under organic cropping in the first harvest.
Intervention effect The organic cropping increase in geranial and neral was not observed in the second harvest.
Observation Cropping system and irrigation regime had a variable effect on lemon balm mineral content.
Recommendation Deficit irrigation is an ecofriendly practice for conventional and organic lemon balm cropping.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decline in net assimilation rate during ear-filling at high density is attributed to mutual shading and increased specific leaf area.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: high planting densitye3
Outcome: net assimilation rates (NAR) during the ear-filling periode3
Qualifier: increase of mutual shading and specific leaf area (SLA)e3

Verbatim

t0
“maize for whole-plant silage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–70

e3
“It was due to rapid decrease of net assimilation rates (NAR) during the ear-filling period in high planting density causing increase of mutual shading and specific leaf area (SLA)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1111–1290

Title

Studies on the growth and productivity of maize for whole-plant silage in the north-marginal area, Nemuro district in Hokkaido. IV. Effects of planting density on dry-matter accumulation habits and yield.

Kenji KIRA; Kazue SHIRAI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1987. doi:10.1626/jcs.56.491

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Top growth rate in the vegetative period increased as planting density increased.
Intervention effect Top growth rate in the ear-filling period decreased rapidly, reaching its minimum at the highest planting density of about 100,000 plants/ha.
Observation The optimum leaf area index during ear-filling, where maximum TGR occurred, was about 3.0 in all years.
Observation The planting density giving the optimum LAI of about 3.0 was 73,000 plants/ha.
Observation Maximum ear growth rate in the latter half of ear-filling was obtained at 60,000 to 80,000 plants/ha.
Intervention effect Ear growth rate decreased at densities higher than the optimum range.
Association The decline in ear growth rate at higher planting density was promoted in the cold years of 1980 and 1981.
Intervention effect Incidence of barren plants increased with increasing planting density.
Association Barren plant incidence exceeded 20% when net assimilation rate in the latter half of ear-filling fell below 2.0 g/m2/day.
Intervention effect Ear dry-matter yield was highest at the medium planting density.
Intervention effect Stover and total dry-matter yields increased with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Whole-plant dry-matter percentage did not differ significantly among planting densities in most years.
Intervention effect Ear/total ratio decreased with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Maturity was delayed with increasing planting density.
Recommendation The optimum planting density for high yield and high quality of silage maize in the north-marginal area is about 70,000 to 75,000 plants/ha.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

In mid-mountain cenopopulations, Tanacetum vulgare flowers show a significant increase in the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids compared with foothill plants.

Taxon: Tanacetum vulgareTanacetum vulgaret0
Treatment: mid-mountain cenopopulationse0
Outcome: content of the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in flowerse0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: foothille0

Verbatim

t0
“common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–73

e0
“In mid-mountain cenopopulations compared with foothill a significant increase in the content of the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in flowers, shoot height, a decrease in the number of baskets in the inflorescence, the number of generative shoots, and the yield of raw materials were found”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2087–2390

Title

Ecological and biological features of common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) in the ecotopes of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

A. Ya. Tamakhina Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V M Kokov 2022. doi:10.55196/2411-3492-2022-1-35-5-14

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation with 6.5 and 9.0 dS·m -1 reduced the rate of photosynthesis by 35%-38% after fruit set.

Taxon: bell pepperse0
Material: Red Nighte0
Treatment: irrigation with 6.5 and 9.0 dS·m -1e1
Outcome: rate of photosynthesise1
Direction: reducede1
Value: 35%-38%e1
Qualifier: until fruit sete1
Comparator: control treatmente1

Verbatim

e0
“bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum L. var. Red Night)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 186–235

e1
“Salinity did not significantly decrease the rate of photosynthesis until fruit set after which irrigation with 6.5 and 9.0 dS·m -1 reduced rates by 35%-38% and during fruit development by 50% compared with the control treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 300–527

Title

Effects of Saline Water and Two Types of Plastic Mulch on Physiology and Yield of Bell Pepper Plants

Dagobiet Morales-Garcia; Katrine A. Stewart HortScience 2004. doi:10.21273/hortsci.39.4.852c

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Irrigation with 6.5 and 9.0 dS·m -1 reduced the rate of photosynthesis by 50% during fruit development.
Intervention effect Irrigation with 4.0 dS·m -1 gave significantly lower photosynthetic rates than the control during fruit development.
Association Stomatal conductance decreased as salinity increased.
Association Salinity affected transpiration through the change in stomatal conductance.
Intervention effect Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration showed no consistent difference with or without plastic mulch.
Intervention effect Saline treatments reduced marketable yield by 17%, 64%, 96% and 100% compared with the control.
Intervention effect The number of fruit per plant was significantly lower at 4.0 dS·m -1 or higher salinity.
Intervention effect Plastic mulches did not significantly change marketable yield or fruit number compared with non-mulch.
Association Water consumption decreased as salinity level increased, by 11%, 20%, 38% and 52% of the control value.
Intervention effect Mulching the soil reduced water consumption by 30% compared with bare soil.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A high nitrogen level (946.3 kg/hm2) declined the dry matter output to seed, attributed to an unharmonious correlation between storeroom and source.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment: high level of nitrogen(946.3 kg/hm2)e2
Outcome: dry matter outputting to seede3
Direction: declinee3
Qualifier: unharmonious correlation between the storeroom and sourcee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth Tendency,Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100

e2
“The high level of nitrogen(946.3 kg/hm2) could accumulate more dry matter before maturation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 552–643

e3
“which led to the unharmonious correlation between the storeroom and source, decline the dry matter outputting to seed, decrease the soybean yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 645–790

Title

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth Tendency,Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Soybean

Feng Naijie Heilongjiang Bayi Nongken Daxue xuebao 2007

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilizer increased LAI and whole growing-stage dry matter accumulation of soybean relative to N0.
Intervention effect A high nitrogen level (1435.4 kg/hm2) harmonized dry matter distribution to every soybean organ after pudding.
Intervention effect A high nitrogen level (1435.4 kg/hm2) increased soybean yield.
Intervention effect A high nitrogen level (946.3 kg/hm2) accumulated more dry matter before maturation.
Intervention effect A high nitrogen level (946.3 kg/hm2) decreased soybean yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium improved plant height, branch and leaf number, dry matter and leaf area.

Taxon: faba beanVicia fabat0
Treatment: Potassiume0
Outcome: growth characteristics (i.e., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, dry matter per plant and leaves area per plant)e0
Direction: improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Potassium improved growth characteristics (i.e., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, dry matter per plant and leaves area per plant) as well as nutrients contents of (N, P, K, and Ca) and decrease of Na concentration in leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 614–876

t0
“faba bean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–131

Title

Integrative effect of potassium level and deficit irrigation on physiological response, yield and water use efficiency of faba bean under salt affected soil

Fawzy Abdel Samie; Ayman Ali; Mohamed Rady; et al. Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development /Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development 2021. doi:10.21608/fjard.2021.198673

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Irrigation and potassium significantly affected plant water status, fluorescence and SPAD index.
Intervention effect Potassium improved N, P, K and Ca contents.
Intervention effect Potassium reduced leaf Na concentration.
Intervention effect Irrigation and potassium significantly affected seed yield and WUE.
Intervention effect 150 kg ha-1 potassium increased seed yield by 33.4% relative to 90 kg ha-1.
Intervention effect 120 kg ha-1 potassium increased seed yield by 18.1% relative to 90 kg ha-1.
Intervention effect Higher potassium fertilizer improves faba bean water status under water scarcity.
Intervention effect Higher potassium fertilizer improves faba bean growth and yield under water scarcity.

“yield decrease”

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